中国的全球构造位置和地球动力系统

Global Tectonic Position and Geodynamic System of China

现今之中国位于亚洲大陆东南部,西太平洋活动带中段;在全球板块构造图上,中国位于欧亚板块的东南部,南为印度板块,东为太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块。地质历史上,以中朝、扬子、塔里木等小克拉通为标志的中国主体属于冈瓦纳和西伯利亚两个大陆之间的转换(互换)构造域:古生代时期,位于古亚洲洋之南,属冈瓦纳结构复杂的大陆边缘;中生代阶段,位于特提斯之北,属劳亚大陆的一部分。显生宙中国大地构造演化依次受古亚洲洋、特提斯-古太平洋、太平洋-印度洋三大动力体系之控制,形成古亚洲洋、特提斯和太平洋三大构造域。不论古亚洲洋,还是特提斯,都不是结构简单的大洋盆地,而是由一系列海底裂谷带(小洋盆带)和众多微陆块组合而成的结构复杂的洋盆体系。加之中、新生代的太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域叠加在古生代的古亚洲洋构造域之上,使中国地质构造图像在二维平面上呈现镶嵌构造,在三维空间上呈现立交桥式结构,使中国不仅是亚洲,也是全球构造最复杂的一个区域。不同阶段的地球动力体系在中国的叠加、复合,使多旋回构造-岩浆和成矿作用成为中国地质最突出的特征。因而中国的造山带大多是多旋回复合造山带,成矿(区)带大多是多旋回复合成矿(区)带,大型含油气盆地大多是多旋回叠合盆地。

The present China is located in the southeastern part of the Asian continent and the middle segment of the west Pacific active belt. Viewed from the major lithospheric plate map of the globe, it lies in the southeast of the Eurasian plate, with the Pacific and the Philippine Sea plates on the east, and the Indian plate on the south. In the geological history, the main part of China marked by the Sino Korean, Yangtze and Tarim cratons was situated in the interchange domain between Gondwana and Siberia： in Paleozoic time, it was located in the south of the Paleo Asian Ocean, belonging to a structurally complicated continental margin of Gondwana; and in Mesozoic time, located on the north of the Tethys, being a part of Laurasia. The tectonic evolution of China in the Phanerozoic has been controlled successively by the Paleo Asian Ocean, Tethys Paleo Pacific and Pacific Indian Ocean dynamic systems, forming the Paleo Asian Ocean, Tethys and Pacific tectonic domains. Either the Paleo Asian Ocean or the Tethys was not a simple ocean basin, but a structurally complex ocean system made up of sea floor rift zones （small oceanic basins） and numerous microcontinents. As a result of the superimposition of the Meso Cenozoic Pacific and Tethys tectonic domains on the Paleozoic Paleo Asian Ocean tectonic domain, the tectonic map of China presents a mosaic structure on plane and an overpass architecture in three dimensional space. Therefore, China is the most structurally complex region not only in Asia, but also in the world. Overlapping and compounding of the dynamic systems in different periods have made the polycyclic tectonism magmatism and mineralization dominate over the geology of China. Thus, the orogenic belts, metallogenic belts and the large petroliferous basins of China are mostly polycyclically superimposed.