汉语量词语法化动因研究

Motivation of the Establishment of the System of Classifiers

汉藏语系普遍的双音化趋势和基数词单音节的矛盾,是量词系统语法化的根本动因。从汉语来看,量词语法化历程和双音化趋势保持了很强的一致性,双音化推动了量词系统的建立与发展。从汉藏语系、南亚语系量词语言来看,量词系统的发达程度同数词的音节数量密切相关,只有基数词是单音节的语言才发展出了发达的量词范畴,而对音步感知基础的不同则促成了复数标记和量词系统的对立。从拷贝型和泛指性量词的兴替来看,调剂音节组成标准音步是量词的基本功能。

The contradiction between the general motivation of the bisyllablization of the Sino-Tibetan language family and cardinal numbers'monosyllables is the motivation of the establishment of the system of the Chinese classifiers.From the Chinese language,the process of classifiers'grammaticalization and the motivation of the bisyllablization show very strong consistency and the bisyllablization push forward the establishment of the system of the Chinese classifiers.From the Sino-Tibetan and the Austro-Asiatic language family,the development degree has very close relations with the numbers of numerals'syllables.Only cardinal numerals were developed into the classifiers'catalogue in the monosyllabic languages,and the difference to the perceptual basis of sound foot come into the opposition between the complex numbers and the system of the Chinese classifiers.From the copy classifiers and the rising and falling of the generic reference classifiers,the basic function of classifiers is to dispense the syllables to compose normal sound foot.