春大豆根系生长与花荚形成的关系研究

Study on the relationship between root growth of spring soybean and flower pod formation

2013—2014年在新疆伊宁县科技示范园研究了中熟超高产大豆与高产品种（系）在根系伤流量、0～80 cm土层根干重等方面的差异及其与开花、结荚数的关系。结果表明：在开花、结荚期形成近80%根量,超高产品种（系）在花、荚期根系伤流量、0～80 cm土层总根干重、0～40 cm根系活性、总花数、总腔数均明显高于高产品种（系）;花期根干重增量、伤流势与总花数的相关系数分别为0.970、0.898（P〈0.05）,花荚期根干重增量、伤流势与总荚数的相关系数分别为0.905、0.77（P〈0.05）;超高产品种（系）花、荚期根量大、活性高是其总花、荚数明显多于高产品种（系）的重要原因之一;中熟春大豆近6 000 kg·hm-2产量在始粒期获得,0～80 cm土层根系总干重为125～142.3 g·m-2,总花数3 448.4～3 695.7×104朵·hm-2、总腔数2 767.4～3 303.8×104个·hm-2。

To prove the growth of super high yield soybean,a field study to investigate the relationship between root and the formation of flower and pod was implemented during 2013 —2014. The main purpose of the study was to explore the relationship among root bleaching quantities,and differences of root dry weight in the 0 ～ 80 cm soil and flowering-pod numbers. The results showed that nearly 80 % of the root weight was formed during the flowering and pod-bearing stages. For super high-yielding variety（ lines）,its root bleaching quantity at the floweringpod stage,total root dry weight in the 0 ～ 80 cm soil layer,root activity in 0 ～ 40 cm,total flowers,and total cavity number were all significantly higher than those of the high yield variety（ lines）. The correlation coefficients between root dry weight increment,and bleeding potential and total flowers at the flowering stage were 0. 970,and 0.898（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively. The correlation coefficients between root dry weight increment,and bleeding potential and total flowers at the flowering-pod phase were 0. 905,and 0. 77（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively. The total flowerpod number of the super high-yielding variety（ lines） was significantly higher than that of the high yield variety（lines） because of the large root volume and the high activity of the former. Yield of spring soybean with medium maturity was nearly 6 000 kg· hm- 2at the R5 stage. Total root dry weight was 125 ～ 142. 3 g· m- 2in 0 ～ 80 cm soil. The total number of flowers were 3 448. 4 ～ 3 695. 7 × 104·hm- 2,and the total number of cavities were 2767. 4 ～ 3 303. 8 × 104·hm- 2.