石灰性土壤硒含量与小麦籽粒硒相关性研究

Correlation between calcareous soil selenium content and wheat grain selenium content

对新疆不同地区的39个小麦田耕层土壤及籽粒进行调查取样,研究土壤的全硒、有效硒含量与小麦籽粒硒含量的相关性及土壤硒含量的影响因素。结果表明：土壤全硒含量在0.144~1.153 mg·kg-1之间,其中10%属于少硒土壤（0.125~0.175 mg·kg-1）,49%属于足硒土壤（0.175~0.450 mg·kg-1）,41%属于富硒土壤（0.450~2.000 mg·kg-1）,土壤硒的活化率平均为25.11%;小麦籽粒全硒含量在0.004~0.055 mg·kg-1之间,达到国家谷物类食品富硒标准（0.040~3.000 mg·kg-1）的仅有8%,92%小麦籽粒硒含量低于国家谷物类食品富硒标准,由此可知土壤全硒含量与小麦籽粒硒含量无相关性,而土壤有效硒与籽粒硒含量呈极显著正相关,所以要充分利用富硒土壤生产富硒小麦就必须提高土壤中硒的有效性;土壤有效硒与土壤p H值呈极显著正相关,因此在实际生产中可以通过改善土壤条件的方法来提高土壤硒的有效性,从而提高小麦籽粒中硒的含量;土壤全硒含量随土壤质地粘重程度的增加而增加。

As a traceable element,selenium is of great importance on human health and its contents in environment directly affects the health and safety of human beings,animals and plants. Concentration and availability of selenium in wheat soils in Xinjiang province were investigated and the governing factors were analyzed by collecting39 surface soil samples from different regions in Xinjiang. The results showed that the total selenium content ranges from 0. 144 mg· kg- 1to 1. 153 mg· kg- 1. 10 % of the soils contain little selenium（ 0. 125 ~ 0. 175 mg· kg- 1）,49 % contain full selenium（ 0. 175 ~ 0. 450 mg · kg- 1）,and 41% are selenium-rich（0. 450 ~ 2. 000 mg ·kg- 1）. The average activation rate of soil selenium is 25. 11%. The wheat grain selenium content ranges from 0.004 mg· kg- 1to 0. 055 mg· kg- 1. While 92 % of the wheat grains selenium content is lower than the national cereal food selenium-rich standard,indicating that there was no correlation between total selenium content in soil and wheat grain selenium content. But soil availability selenium and wheat grain selenium content have significant correlation. Soil availability selenium and soil p H have significant correlation. Therefore,improvement of the availability of selenium in soil can help to produce selenium-rich wheat. Through the control of soil conditions in the actual production by improving the available soil selenium,the selenium content in wheat grain can also be improved.Soil total selenium content becomes increased with the increase of heavy degree in soil texture.