渭北旱塬沟壑区苹果节水灌溉制度分析

Analyses of water-saving irrigation scheduling for apple in Weibei dryland gully

为了探讨渭北旱塬沟壑区盛果期苹果不同水文年的节水灌溉制度,选取洛川县为代表性区域,利用该县近56年的月气象资料,基于水量平衡原理,分析了陕西省两个不同成熟期的苹果品种(中熟嘎拉、晚熟富士)在不同节水灌溉模式下(管灌、滴灌)各水文年的充分与非充分灌溉制度。结果表明:1不同成熟期苹果各水文年均应补灌,补灌时间和灌水量主要集中在新梢旺长期和果实膨大期。2中熟品种充分灌溉在湿润年、平水年、干旱年、特旱年的灌水次数分别为2、3、3、4次,相应灌溉定额滴灌为60、85、120、165 mm,管灌为90、130、180、245 mm;非充分灌溉各水文年的灌水次数为1、2、3、4次,相应灌溉定额滴灌为45、70、110、150 mm,管灌为65、110、170、220mm。3晚熟品种充分灌溉在相应水文年的灌水次数分别为2、3、4、4次,相应灌溉定额滴灌为65、90、125、160 mm,管灌为95、140、195、240 mm;非充分灌溉各水文年的灌水次数为2、3、3、4次,相应滴灌灌溉定额为55、75、120、150mm,管灌灌溉定额为85、125、175、220 mm。

To investigate the water-saving irrigation scheduling for full bearing apple trees during different hydrological years in Weibei dryland gully,based on water balance principle,meteorological data from recent 56 years in Luochuan were used to analyze both sufficient and non-sufficient irrigation scheduling of two maturity apple varieties（ Gala and Fuji） under different irrigation methods（ pipe irrigation and drip irrigation）. The results showed that both mid- and late-maturing varieties should be irrigated in different hydrological years. The irrigation stage and amount should mainly be implemented at new shoot growing and fruit expanding stages. In addition,for mid-maturing variety in different hydrological years（ wet,normal,dry and extremely dry years） under sufficient irrigation scheduling,irrigation times were 2,3,3 and 4,respectively,irrigation quota for drip irrigation were 60,85,120 mm and 165 mm,respectively,pipe irrigations were 90,130,180 and 245 mm,respectively; irrigation times under non-sufficient irrigation scheduling were 1,2,3 and 4,respectively,irrigation quota for drip irrigation were 45,70,110 and 150 mm,respectively,and pipe irrigation were 65,110,170 and 220 mm,respectively.Furthermore,for late-maturing variety in different hydrological years under sufficient irrigation scheduling,irrigation times were 2,3,4 and 4,respectively,irrigation quota for drip irrigation were 65,90,125 and 160 mm,respectively,pipe irrigation were 95,140,195 and 240 mm,respectively; irrigation times under non-sufficient irrigation scheduling were 2,3,3 and 4,respectively,irrigation quota for drip irrigation were 55,75,120 mm and150 mm,and pipe irrigation were 85,125,175 mm and 220 mm,respectively.