马克思博士论文中的原子论批判思想

Critical Thoughts on Atomic Theory in Marx's Doctoral Dissertation

马克思在博士论文中从物质和形式的矛盾出发确立了原子何以成为原子的问题意识,指出在伊壁鸠鲁的思想中,原子的直线运动、偏斜运动和排斥运动构成了原子实现自身的辩证过程,同时表明原子只有在与其他原子的联系中才能获得自己的独特规定从而成为独立的原子。但伊壁鸠鲁在强调自我意识的安宁时却陷入了原子论意识的窠臼,甚至对作为原子概念之实现的天体持批判态度。马克思亦由此而在自我问题上批判了伊壁鸠鲁的原子论意识,突显了共同体思想。这种思想是理解马克思共产主义和人的解放理论的前提和基础。

Starting from the contradiction between material and form,Marx established in his doctoral dissertation the consciousness of the problem of how an atom became an atom,having pointed out that,in the thought of Epicurus,the linear movement,deflection movement and exclusive movement constituted the dialectical process of atoms to realize themselves,and at the same time an atom could become an independent one only when it obtained its unique stipulation in the association with the others.But Epicurus had fallen into a set pattern of the sense of atomic theory while emphasizing the peace of self-awareness,even held a critical attitude toward the celestial body as the realization of the conception of atoms.Just from this point,Marx criticized Epicurus＇sense of atomic theory concerning the problem of ego,and highlighted his own thoughts of community,which laid a premise as well as a foundation for the understanding of his theories of communism and human emancipation.