育肥方式对滇南小耳猪生长、胴体性能和肉质的影响及经济效益分析

Effects of fattening ways on growth,carcass performances,meat quality and economic benefit in Diannanxiaoer pigs

为探讨不同育肥方式对滇南小耳猪生长、胴体性能、肉质和经济效益的影响,分规模养殖场标准化育肥（对照组）、农村吊架子育肥（试验Ⅰ组）和全放养加补饲（试验Ⅱ组）3种方式进行育肥试验,测定其胴体、肉质、肌肉化学成分、氨基酸成分,结果显示：试验Ⅰ组猪只的平均日增重、6-7肋间膘厚、三点均膘和肌肉粗脂肪含量分别比对照组降低17.96%、21.04%、15.36%和47.29%（P〈0.01）,胆固醇含量降低43.60%（P〈0.05）,胴体瘦肉率和肌肉甘氨酸含量分别提高8.82%和8.86%（P〈0.01）,肌肉粗蛋白、氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和呈味氨基酸含量分别提高7.78%、10.69%、9.74%和10.15%（P〈0.05）;试验Ⅱ组猪只的平均日增重、胴体瘦肉率和肌肉粗脂肪含量分别降低37.71%、11.20%和47.29%（P〈0.01）,胆固醇含量降低41.71%（P〈0.05）,6-7肋间膘厚、三点均膘和肌肉甘氨酸含量分别提高14.75%、23.19%和16.46%（P〈0.01）,肌肉粗蛋白含量、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量和呈味氨基酸总量分别提高10.52%、14.22%、13.08%和13.75%（P〈0.05）;对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组在各氨基酸含量上呈现依次递增的趋势（P〈0.05）,对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组每头猪的经济效益分别为-109.86元/头、10.39元/头和99.54元/头。吊架子育肥和全放养加补饲育肥均可降低滇南小耳猪肌肉粗脂肪含量和胆固醇含量,提高熟肉率、肌肉粗蛋白含量、总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和呈味氨基酸含量,改善猪肉食用品质;虽降低了生长速度,延长了育肥时间,但减少了精料用量,反而可获较好的经济效益。

To examine the effect of different fattening ways on growth,carcass performances,meat quality and economic benefit in Diannanxiaoer pigs in its original area,our study was designed by using three ways of standard fattening in farm（ control）,limited fattening（ group Ⅰ） and grazing plus supplementary food（ group Ⅱ）. The carcass performance,meat quality,muscle chemical composition and amino acid composition were determined and the corresponding economic benefit was analyzed. Compared with control group,the average daily gain（ ADG）,backfat thickness（ BF） between 6thand 7thrib,average BF and crude fat contents of muscle and cholesterol contents of muscle of group I were decreased by 17. 96%（ P〈 0. 01）,21. 04%（ P〈 0. 01）,15. 36%（ P〈 0. 01）,47. 29%（ P〈 0. 01） and 43. 60%（ P〈 0. 05）; carcass meat percentage,glycine content of muscle,contents of crude protein,amino acid,essential amino acid,flavor amino acid of muscles of groupⅠwere increased by 8. 82%（ P〈 0. 01）,8. 86%（ P〈 0. 01）,7. 78%（ P〈 0. 05）,10. 69%（ P〈 0. 05）,9. 74%（ P〈 0. 05） and 10. 15%（ P〈 0. 05）,respectively; ADG,meat percentage,crude fat content of muscle and cholesterol contents of muscle of group Ⅱ were reduced by 37. 71%（ P〈 0. 01）,11. 20%（ P〈 0. 01）,47. 29%（ P〈 0. 01） and 41. 71%（ P〈 0. 05）; but BF between6 thand 7thrib,average BF and crude fat contents of muscle,contents of crude protein,amino acid,essential amino acid,delicious amino acid of muscles of group II were increased by 14. 75%（ P〈 0. 01）,23. 19%（ P〈 0. 01）,16. 46%（ P〈 0. 01）,10. 52%（ P〈 0. 05）,14. 22%（ P〈 0. 05）,13. 08%（ P〈 0. 05） and 13. 75%（ P〈 0. 05）,respectively. The increasing trend was showed on the contents of each amino acid from the control,group Ⅰ to group Ⅱ（ P〈 0. 05）,the economic benefits of the three feeding ways were- 109. 86,10. 39 and 99. 54 RMB yuan,respectively. In conclusions,the ways limited fattening and full grazing plus supplementary food might reduce the growth rate,the contents of crude fat and cholesterol of muscle,increase meat percentage,the contents of amino acid,essential amino acid,delicious amino acid of muscles,and improve the meat quality in Diannanxiaoer pigs. Due to reducing the usage of fine feed,the two ways could gain higher economic benefit,though reduced the growth rate and prolong the fattening time.