离子液体在羰基化反应中的应用

Application of Ionic Liquids to the Carbonylation Reactions

离子液体由于具有良好的溶解能力、配位能力、热及化学稳定性、结构及性质可调、环境友好等特点,被认为是传统非环保型、有毒、污染严重的溶剂和催化剂潜在的替代品,已被广泛应用于有机合成及催化领域。本文综述了近年来离子液体在羰基化反应中的应用及催化反应机理研究进展,包括烯烃、醇类化合物、芳烃、胺/胺醇、卤代芳烃及甲醛的羰基化反应,羰基源主要包括CO、CO2和碳酸二甲酯,涉及到了酸性离子液体、碱性离子液体、金属类离子液体、负载型离子液体等多种类型的功能化及非功能化离子液体。在上述反应中离子液体不仅可以提高反应活性和选择性,而且简化了催化剂分离过程,在部分反应中实现了回收和循环使用。并对羰基化反应的发展及应用前景进行了展望。

Ionic liquids have been w idely applied as an alternative reaction medium as w ell as environmentally benign catalysts of chemical transformations due to their favorable properties of excellent solubility,strong complexing activity,good thermal and chemical stability over a w ide temperature range,modifiable,low corrosion and environment-friendly. Ionic liquids also possess the advantageous characteristics of both homogenous and heterogeneous catalyst system,such as uniform catalytic active centers,easy separation and recyclability. In this review, the latest achievements in the carbonylation reactions and catalytic reaction mechanism in ionic liquids are summarized,mainly including the carbonylation of alkene,alcohol,arene,amines / amino alcohols,halogeno-arenes,and formaldehyde w ith CO,CO2,and dimethyl carbonate as carbonyl source. As for the type of task-specific ionic liquids,the review focuses on acidic ionic liquids,basic ionic liquids,organometallic ionic liquids,supported ionic liquids and so on. The previous progress show that there are several merits for the application of ionic liquids in the carbonylation reactions,w hich not only improved the catalytic activity and selectivity of reaction,but also simplified the w ork-up,and facilitated the separation and reuse of traditional catalyst. Furthermore,the prospective to the development and application of ionic liquids in the carbonylation reactions is also discussed.