马铃薯干腐病病菌生物学特性及室内药剂筛选

Biological Characteristics of the Pathogens of the Potato Dry Rot and Fungicides Selection in Laboratory

采用十字交叉法,研究马铃薯干腐病两种病原菌锐顶镰刀菌（Fusarium acuminaturn）和黄色镰刀菌（F.culmorum）的生物学特性。结果表明,二者最适生长培养基均为PDA培养基,生长温度5~35℃,25℃为最适温度,pH值5.0~11.0。F.acuminaturn菌丝生长的最适酸碱度为pH值7.0,相对最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为尿素;F.culmorum菌丝生长的最适酸碱度为pH值6.0,相对最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为硝酸钾。采用菌落生长速率法,对这两种病原菌进行了室内药剂筛选研究,结果表明：32.5%苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯和72%霜脲·锰锌抑菌效果相对最强,有效中浓度（EC50）平均值范围为70.604~76.812mg/L,表现出良好抑菌作用。

The biological characteristics of Fusarium acuminaturn and F.culmorum.of potato dry rot were studied by the crossing method.Result showed that both of optimal medium were PDA medium,the optimal temperature were 5-35℃,25℃ were the optimal temperature,pH value were 5.0-11.0.The optimal acidity and alkalinity value of F.acuminaturn growth were 7.0,relative optimal（Charcoal）carbon source were malt sugar,optimal nitrogen source came from urea.The optimal acidity and alkalinity of F.culmorum.rope growth were pH value 6.0,the relative optimal carbon source were sucrose,optimal nitrogen source came from nitrate.The two pathogenes were screened and sutdied in the laboratory with fungcides by colony rate method.The result showed that difenoconazole of 32.5%,azoxystrobin and 72% cymoxanil mancozeb proved to be the most effective fungicides,EC50 average value were 70.604-76.812mg/L.