细胞外基质来源支架在软骨组织工程中的应用

Extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

背景:目前,各种各样的细胞外基质来源支架已被成功地应用到了软骨组织工程实验及临床实践上。目的:总结细胞外基质来源支架在软骨组织工程中的应用及研究现状。方法:应用计算机检索1997年1月至2016年7月PubM ed数据库、中国学术期刊网络出版总库、万方数据和维普中文生物医学期刊数据库相关文章,检索词为"tissue engineering,cartilage,extracellular matrix,scaffolds;组织工程,软骨,细胞外基质,支架"。共检索到文献1 140篇,最终纳入符合标准的文献65篇。结果与结论:根据组成成分,可将细胞外基质来源支架分为单体天然高分子材料、多种天然高分子混合材料、天然高分子材料与合成高分子材料复合材料、组织脱细胞细胞外基质材料,具有良好的生物相容性,可促进软骨细胞增殖、分化,在体内可降解,已被应用于软骨组织工程及临床实践中,并且被证明是很好的软骨组织工程仿生支架,但存在力学性能差、不易加工成型等缺陷。所以将来的研究方向着眼于不断改进制备工艺,将人工合成材料与细胞外基质来源支架材料复合来制备软骨组织工程支架。

BACKGROUND： At present, a variety of extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds have been successfully applied for cartilage tissue engineering in experiment and clinical practice. OBJECTIVE： To summarize the application and research status of extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering. METHODS： A computer-based online search in PubM ed, CNKI, CqV ip and WanF ang databases was performed using the keywords of ＂tissue engineering, cartilage, extracellular matrix, scaffolds＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 1 140 literatures were retrieved, and finally 65 eligible literatures were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： In terms of the components, extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds are divided into monomeric natural polymers, mixed natural polymers, natural polymers compositing with synthetic polymers as well as acellular extracellular matrix-derived materials. Extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds hold good biocompatibility and degradability, and can promote proliferation and differentiation of choncrodytes; therefore, they as good bionic scaffolds have been applied for cartilage tissue engineering in clinical practice, However, poor mechanical properties and difficulty to molding should never be ignored. Further research should focus on improving the preparation technology by combining synthetic materials with extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.