早产儿0～6岁体格发育随访调查

Follow-up survey of physical development of premature infants among 0 to 6 years old

目的 对早产儿0～6岁间生长发育状况进行调查,分析其变化规律,为评价这一阶段儿童生长发育、采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法 选择2008年1月-2014年12月在西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院以及宝鸡市妇幼保健院新生儿科曾住院的早产儿,同时选择年龄、性别相匹配的足月儿进行1∶1病例对照研究。记录其出生时情况,测量儿童的身高、体重、头围等指标评价其生长发育状况。结果 早产儿组男、女童在0月龄～、3月龄～组,男童在2岁～组,女童在1岁～组身长低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。早产儿组男、女童在0月龄～、3月龄～组体重低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。早产儿组男、女童在0月龄～、3月龄～、1岁～组头围小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 早产儿的体格发育呈追赶现象或生长。早产儿的追赶现象或生长随着年龄的增长呈递减型,男童慢于女童。研究所得0～6岁早产儿体格发育特点及追赶现象或生长规律可为今后该地区早产儿生长发育研究和评定提供参考依据。

Objective To investigate the situation of growth and development of premature infants aged 0 to 6 years old, to analyse the changing regularity, and to provide a basis for evaluatation growth and development of children at this stage and taking corresponding intervention measures. Methods Premature infants admitted to neonatal ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University and Baoji City Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2008 to December 2014. At the same time, full-term infants matched with premature infants through age, sex were selected as 1 ： 1 ease-control study. Records of the birth situation of all infants, the data of children＇s length, weight, head circumference and so on were measured,which was used to evaluate their growth and development. Results Length of boys and girls among preterm group in 0- month and 3- months group,boys in 2- years old group,girls in 1- year old group were significant- ly less than those of the control group （P〈0. 05）. Weight of boys and girls among preterm group in 0- month and 3- months group were significantly lower than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. Head circumference of boys and girls a- mong preterm group in 0- month group, 3- months and 1- year old group were significantly less than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The physical development of premature infants shows catch-up type. Speed of catch-up development of premature infants decreased with age, speed of boys is slower than that of girls. This study implies effects on physical development characteristics of premature infants and catch-up type growth regularity aged 0 to 6 years old in the re- gion, which can provide reference frame for study and assessment growth and development of premature infants in the region in the future.