“分”的音变构词及其句法语义特征

Analysis of the Word-formations of Fen(分) by Phonetic Change

文章详细考辨了"分"在上古的音义对应关系、词义滋生过程,并分析了其句法语义特征。发现並母去声的"分"有动作及其结果义,指"划分出来,使其经界、范围有定,归属有定",是由帮母平声表示"分割"的动作义的"分"变调且变声构词而来。名词"分"由並母去声的动词"分"词义构词而来,义为划分完成后的产出物。上古"分"能够带接受者宾语,不受双及物构式限制。"分+NP"存在同形异义的情况。东汉以后"分"的语义、语法特征发生了变化。

This paper shows a detailed analysis of phonetic-semantic relation of Fen （分）： the unvoiced level tone Fen refers to the action of partition; the falling tone Fen means ＂equal distribute to someone＂; the voiced Fen refers to the action and result of partition or distribution and extends to the meaning ＂the parts which have clear boundaries＂. It has analyzed the process of meaning extension and the relation of the four lexical items of Fen. Recipient is a important core argument of Fen （分）. Fen （分） could be followed by recipient object and not be restricted by ditransitiveconstruction. ＂分＋NP＂ is ＂homograph＂. The semantic and grammatical characteristics of Fen（分） changed after Eastern Han.