个体心理学的理论应用

On the Theoretical Application of Individual Psychology

阿德勒的个体心理学来源于实践,个体心理学本身就是阿德勒在临床实践的基础上提出的,反过来,阿德勒还把其个体心理学的理论观点应用和扩展于人类理智生活的众多领域,特别是在心理治疗、宗教、教育等领域。个体心理学的治疗观是一种开放而灵活的治疗取向,个体心理学开拓的治疗方法具有鲜明的综合性、开放性、短程化的特点。阿德勒在其学术生涯的晚期还把个体心理学的观点扩展和应用到对宗教问题的解释上。阿德勒认为,上帝是人类理想和完美(目标)的具体化,宗教是人类关系的神圣化。在教育方面,阿德勒个体心理学关注重点主要是人格教育。阿德勒重视家庭和学校、家长和教师在儿童教育方面的互补、互动和合作。

Individual Psychology is a kind of applied psychological theory, which was created in AdlerJ s clinical practice. Adler has also applied Individual Psychology to many fields of human life, especially in the psycho-therapy, religion, education, etc. In the field of psychotherapy, Individual Psychology is a kind of open and flexible treatment approach, which has the distinct comprehensive, open, the short - range characteristics. About reli-gion ,some features of Individual Psychology were applied to the religious world in Adler5 s later academic and professional years. From the viewpoint of Individual Psychology, the contemplation of a deity is a concretization of the idea of perfection, greatness and superiority, which has been obvious in man＇s thinking and feeling since time im-memorial. Various Relationships in religious activities are the sanctification of human relations. As for education, Adler says, Individual Psychology and education is the two aspects of the same question or reality. The interaction and cooperation between family and school, parents and teachers in children education should be stressed in Adler5 s Individual Psychology. Parents can complement the shortage of the school education, teachers may correct the deficiency of family education.