2014年深圳市福田区重点企业职业病危害因素及个人防护现状

Occupational hazards and personal protection of key enterprises in Futian District of Shenzhen City in 2014

目的了解福田辖区重点企业存在的职业病危害因素,为职业卫生监管部门有效监督提供依据。方法由专业人员采集2014年福田区辖区内54家企业的职业病危害因素,通过自填式问卷调查职工防护用具佩戴情况。结果福田区各类职业危害因素中化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素的合格率分别为99.5%、97.0%和85.9%。调查的各类企业的总职业危害因素合格率分别是电子业98.6%、服装100.0%、汽修98.2%、物流91.5%、印刷97.0%和珠宝100.0%。在涉及化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素职业危害的企业中提供防护用品的合格率分别为28.26%、16.67%、21.28%。在接触化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素职业危害的工人中能正确使用防护用具的分别有28人(84.85%)、9人(90.00%)和9人(32.14%)。结论福田区职业危害以噪声为主,相关企业提供防护用具的合格率和工人对防护水平的正确使用率较低,应加强该地区企业物理因素职业危害的监管和相关企业员工的培训。

[Objective] To understand the occupational hazards of key enterprises in Futian District,provide evidence for occupational health supervision department to carry out the effective management. [Methods]The occupational hazard factors in54 enterprises of Futian District in 2014 were collected by the professional？staff,and the personal protective appliances were investigated by the self-administered questionnaire. [Results]The qualified rate of chemical toxicant,dust and physical factor was99.5%,97.0% and 85.9%,respectively. The total qualified rate of occupational hazards in the electronic industry,garment industry,automobile service industry,logistics industry,printing industry and jewelry industry was 98.6%,100.0%,98.2%,91.5%,97.0% and 100.0%,respectively. The qualified rate of protective appliances in the enterprises which had chemical toxicants,dust and physical factors was 28.26%,16.67% and 21.28%,respectively. Among workers exposed to chemical toxicants,dust and physical factors,there were respectively 28 workers（84.85%）,9 workers（90.00%）and 9 workers（32.14%）could correctly use protective equipment. [Conclusion]The noise is the main occupational hazard factor in Futain District,and the qualified rate of protective appliances in enterprises and the correct use rate of protective appliances in workers are low. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of physical factors and training of workers in the district.