某特殊军事作业环境空气中微生物污染状况调查

Investigation on air microorganism pollution in a special military operation environment

目的了解某特殊军事作业环境空气微生物污染状况,为保护作业官兵健康、制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法选择细菌总数、溶血性链球菌、霉菌和酵母菌4项微生物指标进行检测,采用Anderson采样法采样,经选择性培养基培养后对所生长的菌落予以计数。结果细菌总数在5 a的检测中呈现出不稳定的趋势,其中第3天下降明显;溶血性链球菌数呈现增加的趋势,在人员进驻的第4天、第5天的平均值已超过标准;酵母菌数也呈现增加的趋势,最高为398 cfu/m^3;霉菌数随进驻时间延长而减少,进驻第1天最高,为813 cfu/m^3。在人员活动较多且位于环境中间部位的B采样点微生物污染较严重,5 d中细菌总数和溶血性链球菌数都高于其他3个监测点,细菌总数最高达312 cfu/m^3,溶血性链球菌数最高达26 cfu/m^3,超过标准近3倍;其次为厕所中的D点,整体看A点霉菌污染较其它监测点严重。结论坑道内溶血性链球菌数和酵母菌数随着人员的进驻而增加,霉菌数则减少,人员居住较多的B采样点和厕所中的D采样点空气中细菌总数和溶血性链球菌均较高,加强作业场所的清洁式通风或在人员活动频繁的地域加装空气消毒设施可减少空气中的微生物污染。

[Objective]To understand the situation of air microorganism pollution in a special military operation environment,provide scientific basis for protecting the health of the officers and soldiers and developing the prevention and control strategies.[Methods]Four microbial indicators, including the total number of bacteria, hemolytic streptococcus, mold and yeast, were detected. By using Anderson sampling method, colonies were counted after selective medium culture.[Results]The total number of bacteria showed the unstable trend during 5 days, and it reduced significantly at the third day. The hemolytic streptococcus count showed an increasing trend, and the average value has exceeded the standard at the 4th and 5th day of personnel stationed in the operation environment. The yeast count also showed increasing trend, and the highest value was 398 cfu/m^3.The mold count decreased with the prolonged emplacement time, and the highest value occurred at the first day, which was 813cfu/m^3. B sampling point, where has more personnel activities and was located in the middle part of the environment, had more serious microbial pollution, and the total number of bacteria and hemolytic streptococcus count at B sampling point were higher than those at other three sampling points, while the total number of bacteria and hemolytic streptococcus count reached 312cfu/m^3 and 26 cfu/m^3 respectively, which was nearly 3 times more than the standard, followed by D sampling point of toilet.Meanwhile, the mold pollution at A sampling point was serious than other sampling points.[Conclusion]The hemolytic streptococcus count and yeast count increase with personnel stationed in the tunnel, while the number of moulds reduces. B sampling point with more personnel residence and D sampling point of toilet have the higher total number of bacteria and hemolytic streptococcus count in the air. To strengthen clean ventilation in workplace or install air disinfection facility at region where personnel activities is frequent can reduce microbial contamination in the air.