唐朝墓葬棺床位置变化原因初探

Preliminary Exploration of Reasons of Changes in Coffins Positions of Tang Dynasty

从初唐开始,墓葬棺床位置发生变化,从之前的正中转移至墓葬西北处。这样的变化带来了墓葬整体格局的变化,具有重要意义。通过对目前已发掘唐墓的分析和梳理,对棺床位置的变化作出分析。唐朝城市布局规整,等级森严,作为都城的长安城宫城位置居北,与其他城市宫城居于西北的布局完全不同,体现出森严的等级制度。唐朝帝陵如昭陵仿照长安城而建,是"事死如生"观念的直接反映。笔者推测其棺床居北,与两京地区其他等级墓葬棺床居西北完全不同,这正是等级观念的反映。不同地区棺床位置的不同步变化从侧面反映出唐王朝的控制力。

From the beginning of early Tang Dynasty,the coffins position has transferred from the center to the northwest in tombs. Such kind of change has brought about burials changes in overall layouts,thus having great significance. This paper tries to analyze and sort the excavated tombs of Tang Dynasty so as to make an analysis of the changes in coffins position. The cities of Tang Dynasty are orderly and hierarchical. The position of the imperial palace in Changan,the capital city,is in the north,different from that of the imperial palace in other cities,located in the northwest. This difference reflects the hierarchical system. The Tang Dynasty Mausoleum,such as Zhao Ling,was modeled on Changan city,directly reflecting the concept of 'treating the death like the living'. The author guesses that its coffin is in the north,which is completely different from other coffins position which is in the northwest in the two-capital region,therefore this is the reflect of the hierarchy. Different changes of coffins positions in different regions reflect the control of the Tang Dynasty.