5种培养料对平菇营养成分的影响

Effect of Five Different Cultivation Substrates on Nutrients in Fruiting Body of Pleurotus ostreatus

利用5种常用的培养料对平菇进行栽培,并测定分析了5种栽培料及其栽培的平菇子实体的营养成分。结果表明,5种培养料营养成分差别较大,纤维素含量最高者为棉籽壳,半纤维素含量最高者为玉米芯,灰分含量最高者为大豆秸,氮源含量最高者为棉柴屑,碳源和木质素含量最高者为木屑。5种培养料栽培的平菇子实体营养成分也存在显著的差别,就常规成分而言,棉籽壳栽培的平菇中总糖含量最高(49.10%),玉米芯栽培的平菇中粗脂肪(2.28%)及灰分含量最高(7.73%),大豆秸栽培的平菇中粗纤维含量最高(6.91%),棉柴屑栽培的平菇中蛋白质含量最高(23.30%);就氨基酸含量而言,木屑栽培的平菇氨基酸含量最高(16.82%),其次为玉米芯(16.64%)、棉柴屑(16.61%)、大豆秸(14.44%)和棉籽壳(12.37%)。由此可见,培养料的营养成分显著影响平菇子实体的营养成分。因此,今后可根据消费者对平菇营养成分需求的不同,选用相应的培养料进行平菇栽培。

Five different substrates were applied to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus; the nutritional compositions of those five substrates and the responding fruiting body of P. ostreatus were measured and compared. The results showed that the nutritional compositions of five substrates were significantly different.Cottonseed hull,corncob,beanstalk,cotton stalk chips and sawdust separately contained the highest amount of cellulose,hemicelluloses,ash,nitrogen resource,carbon resource and lignin. The nutritional compositions of fruiting body cultivated with those five substrates were also significantly different. For the conventional ingredients,fruiting body cultivated with cottonseed hull,corncob,beanstalk,and cotton stalk chips each contained the highest amount of total carbohydrate（ 49. 10%）,crude fat（ 2. 28%） and ash（ 7. 73%）,crude fiber（ 6. 91%）,and protein（ 23. 30%）. For the content of amino acid,fruiting body cultivated with sawdust contained the highest amount of amino acid（ 16. 82%）; the followings were corncob（ 16. 64%）,cotton stalk chips（ 16. 61%）,beanstalk（ 14. 44%） and cottonseed hull（ 12. 37%）. As can be seen,the nutritional compositions of substrate could significantly influence the nutrients in fruiting body of P. ostreatus. Thus,corresponding substrates can be chosen to cultivate P. ostreatus according to the different demands of different consumers.