干活性物质的动力学理论

Hydrodynamic theory of dry active matter

活性物质是融合非平衡态统计物理、软物质物理和生命科学的新兴交叉学科,近几年取得了飞速的发展.本文简短回顾了"干"活性物质的理论研究进展,从统计物理的角度,围绕有序性、有序-无序相变和粒子数涨落这几个问题对极性和非极性系统的连续体理论做了重点介绍,并讨论了理论预测和数值以及实验结果之间的关系.

In this paper we shortly review theoretical progress in the field of active matter,focusing on the continuum theory of dry systems,in which momentum of active particles is not conserved due to the interaction between the particles and a substrate or medium.In particular,we review the phenomenological way of deriving hydrodynamic equations for both polar and apolar systems,and the predictions of these theories such as long-ranged orientational order in two-dimensional polar systems and giant number fluctuations.The comparisons among theoretical predictions,numerical results,and experimental evidence are also summarized.