仿生多尺度超浸润界面材料

Bioinspired multiscale interfacial materials with superwettability

仿生多尺度超浸润界面材料是20世纪90年代末以来迅速发展起来的一类新型功能材料,该研究领域突出的特点是基础研究和应用研究密切结合、仿生理念与材料制备技术密切结合.近年来,研究人员围绕仿生多尺度超浸润界面材料的构筑与应用中的若干关键科学问题开展了深入研究,取得了一系列有特色、有创新意义的研究成果,开发出了一系列的材料制备新方法和新技术.本文首先介绍仿生多尺度超浸润界面材料的发展历程和固体表面浸润性的理论基础;然后讨论对自然界中具有特殊浸润性能的功能表面的原理揭示和仿生设计;对仿生多尺度超浸润界面材料的典型应用领域,例如自清洁、集水、防冰、油水分离以及化学反应等进行了总结;最后对仿生多尺度超浸润界面材料的发展前景进行了讨论.

Nature always supplies inspirations to scientists and engineers.Many newfangled materials have been fabricated by learning from and mimicking nature.In daily life and industrial processes these bioinspired novel materials have been widely used.The special wettability of natural organisms is significant to their life and attractive to researchers,which inspires us to fabricate the functional interfacial materials with high performances.In the last decade,the bioinspired multiscale interfacial materials exhibiting superwettability have emerged as a new type of functional material.Superwettable materials offer great chances to solve numerous issues ranging from fundamental research to practical exploration,and from bionic philosophy to fabricating technology.Inspired by nature＇s example,researchers developed a series of scientific strategies of new materials and fabricating methods,technologies,and applications.Based on the requirement of developing advanced materials in the fields of energy,environment,healthcare and resource,superwettable materials possessing binary cooperative nanostructure have been widely investigated to solve scientific and technical problems.In this review,we firstly present the development history of bioinspired multiscale interfacial materials with superwettability and the theoretical basis of the wettability of solid surfaces.Secondly,the principles of superwettable functional surfaces in nature is revealed and the bionic designs of bioinspired materials are discussed in detail.Meanwhile the typical applications of superwettable materials such as self-cleaning,oil-water separation and green printing are introduced.Finally,the perspectives of the future development of bioinspired superwettable materials are proposed for further studying the superwettable materials.