软物质中的理性连续介质力学基础

On the theoretical basis of rational continuum mechanics in softmatter

本文介绍了理性连续介质力学在软物质研究中的意义与特点,简要回顾了软物质的理性连续介质力学背景与发展,重点介绍了关于软物质主要力学模型的本构关系:熵弹性、超弹性本构关系、黏弹性本构关系、多孔弹性介质本构关系、非牛顿流体本构关系,以及近年来这些模型在生物体系如细胞、肌肉、血管、脑组织,非生物体系如移动接触线、复合软材料,以及3D/4D打印等体系中的应用.在此基础上,结合近几年国内外软物质力学研究进展与应用需求,提出了学科关键科学问题和前沿问题,指出了软物质理性连续介质力学在软物质-硬物质界面相互作用力学,发展活性软材料多场耦合的弹性理论模型,加强与其他相关学科的联系等方面的发展方向.

Soft matter has become one of the most active fields since the 1990 s,for it has enormous interesting behaviors and a broad range of applications.Rational continuum mechanics,as a subject mainly dealing with the kinematics and deformation of materials modeled as continuous mass,is a main source of inspiration in the development of soft matter physics.Here we review the development of rational continuum mechanics and soft matter briefly,and focus on the basic mechanical models and constitutive relations relating to soft matter： entropy elasticity,hyperelasticity,viscoelasticity,poroelasticity,non-Newtonian fluid,and the constitutive equations of these models.We simultaneously introduce the applications of these equations in hot issues in recent years,such as brain,blood vessel,cartilage,muscle,gel,cell,three dimensional printing,etc.According to applications and advances in soft matter mechanics,we then propose the key scientific problems and research fronts： mechanics of the solid-liquid interfacial interactions,introducing multiple factors into constitutive equations to describe the complex behaviors of soft matter in coupling multi-physics,and enhancing connections between soft matter mechanics and soft matter physics,chemistry,biology,etc.Finally,we conclude that the rational continuum mechanics in soft matter could be further developed in energy development,fabrication and analysis of diverse soft materials,and biomedicine development areas.