医院环境中分离致病菌对三种消毒剂的抗性研究

Study on disinfectant resistance of pathogens isolated from hospital environments to three disinfectants

目的研究医院环境表面分离的致病菌对常用消毒剂抗性变化情况,为科学使用化学消毒剂提供参考。方法采用稀释法和基因扩增技术,对医院环境中分离的致病菌抗消毒剂情况和抗性基因携带率进行检测与分析。结果苯扎溴铵对铜绿假单胞菌中的3株MIC和MBC值低于标准菌株;对3株肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的MIC和MBC值高于标准菌株。葡萄糖酸氯己定对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值和MIC值有2株高于标准株,有9株低于标准株;对肺炎克雷伯和鲍曼不动杆菌的MIC值和MBC值均与标准菌株相同。二氧化氯对铜绿假单胞菌中的MIC和MBC值有6株高于标准株,有2株低于标准株;对肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC和MBC值均低于标准菌株,对鲍曼不动杆菌的MIC、MBC值均高于标准菌株。医院分离的铜绿假单胞菌检出qac E△1-sul 1基因携带率为79.17%,其他两种致病菌均未检出携带抗性基因。结论医院物体表面分离的致病菌中仅少部分菌株对3种消毒剂产生了抗性,多数则比较敏感,对医院环境病原菌抗消毒剂情况予以关注非常必要。

Objective To investigate the levels of disinfectant resistance of pathogens isolated from object surfaces in hos-pital environments,and to provide reference for the scientific use of chemical disinfectants. Methods Dilution method and PCR amplification technology were used to detect the disinfectant resistance of pathogens and the carrying rate of disinfect-ant-resistance gene. Results The MIC and MBC values of benzalkonium bromide for three strains of Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa were both lower than those of the standard strain,while the values for three strains of Klebsiella pneumonia and one strain of Acinetobacter baumannii were both higher than those of the standard strains. The MIC and MBC values of chlorhexi-dine gluconate for two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were both higher than those of the standard strain,with nine strains being lower than those of the standard strain;and the values for Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii were the same as those of the standard strains. The MIC and MBC values of chlorine dioxide for six strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were both higher than standard strains,with nine strains being lower than those of the standard strain;and the values for Klebsiella pneumonia were both lower than those of the standard strain,with one strain of Acinetobacter baumannii being the same as those of the standard strain. The carrying rate of qacE△1-sul 1 gene was 79. 17% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and this gene was detected negative in any strain of Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from object sur-faces in hospital environments. Conclusion Only a small part of pathogens isolated from surfaces in hospital environments are resistant to 3 kinds of disinfectants,and most of them represent sensitive to disinfectants. Therefore,it is essential to pay attention to the disinfectant resistance of pathogens isolated from object surfaces in hospital environments.