明代心学工夫论与周敦颐的“主静”思想

On the Gongfu Theory of School of Mind in Ming Dynasty and Zhou Dunyi's Thought of Meadiation

周敦颐作为"道学宗主",其思想对理学各派皆有深远的影响。就明代心学关心的主题而言,显然有偏重于工夫论的一面,即如何通过合理的修养技术,使平凡的个体"优入圣域"。周敦颐的"主静"思想对明代心学的工夫论起到了先导作用。从王阳明开始心学各家对周敦颐的"主静"思想进行了各种创造性的诠释和解读,比较突出的有阳明的"主静实兼动静"、王畿的"心极"说和罗洪先、聂双江的"主静归寂"说,这些诠释和解读体现了明代心学工夫论的丰富性及其与周敦颐思想的深刻关联。

Regarded as a great master of Neo- Confucianism,Zhou Dunyi＇s thought has profound influence on different factions. The basic concern of the school of mind of Ming Dynasty was Gongfu theory,that is,through which way to make an ordinary individual become saint. Zhou Dunyi＇s thought of meadiation was the forerunner of Gongfu theory in Ming Dynasty. Started from Wang Yangming,philosophers invented various interpretations on Zhou Dunyi＇s thought of meadiation. Wang Yangming,Wangji and Luo Hongxian,Nie Shuangjiang,which stands the top of the list. These interpretations showed the richness of Gongfu theory,which profoundly connected to Zhou Dunyi thought.