网络空间威慑研究及其关键问题

The Key Questions and Development of Studies on Cyber Deterrence

威慑作为一种安全防御战略,通常被用于传统战略空间。但网络空间与传统战略空间有着根本的不同,威慑战略能否延伸适用于网络空间,目前在国内外学界中众说纷纭、争论不已.有鉴于此,细致梳理了美欧学界和中国学界有关网络空间威慑的诸多学理论争及其辩论焦点,提出网络空间威慑研究不仅具有较强的安全应用价值,更有广阔的学理探索空间;但网络空间威慑研究的未来进展首先亟待解决两大学理问题:其一,网络空间威慑的惩罚作用和机理,以明晰进攻者的攻击偏好并据此制定吓阻策略;其二,网络空间威慑的"第三方"责任问题,以解决网络威慑中的攻击者匿名攻击、肇事逃逸和嫁祸"第三方"问题.如此,网络空间威慑研究才会取得长足进步和决定性突破.

As a strategy of defense, deterrence doctrine is usually used in traditional strategic spaces including the land,sea,air and outer space,and is deemed to be valid. But,in consideration that cyberspace is fundamentally different in all aspects from traditional strategic spaces, it is so controversial whether deterrence theory can be used to secure cyberspace. Based on these considerations above,this paper combed and summarized academic debates on cyber deterrence among American,European and Chinese scholars. The authors think： 1） cyber deterrence research is not only valuable on policy decision-making but also on security theory development; 2） if deterrence as a strategy to secure cyberspace can be enforced,two questions must be studied firstly . we must engage and understand the role of punishment in different kinds of cyber attacks ; （2） we must clarify the resp on sib ility of the third parties, work and promote security cooperation with all stakeholders.