两种“兴味”与“晚年定论”——试说梁任公《中国近三百年学术史》的著述由来与意旨

The Origin and Intention of Liang Qichaos A History of the Academics in the Past 300 Years

向被视为《清代学术概论》姊妹篇的《中国近三百年学术史》,实为一未完成之作。就其在任公生前刊发的部分而言,对其著述背景的考察,可以窥见任公"政治兴味"对其学术活动的影响;对其言说对象的揭示,则可得见任公对其时甚为热烈的"整理国故"运动和"科玄论战"的见解;而于此种种不自觉和不得已中,任公自觉调整了对清代学术史内容和认识的叙述,堪称其对近三百年学术的"晚年定论"。

Often considered as the companion volume of A General Survey of the Academics of Qing Dynasty,Liang Qichaos A History of the Academics in the Past 300 Years was in fact an unfinished work. As to the part of this work which had been published when he was still alive,we can trace the interaction between Liangs political orientation and his academic activities in the light of an analysis of the context in which this work has been made,and Liangs attitude toward the Rearranging of the National Heritage and the Controversy between Science and Metaphysics can be ascertained once the reference of his discourse is uncovered. Liang has modified his narrative of the academics of the Qing Dynasty,both in its content and his interpretation of it,so it turns out to be his final version of the academics of the past 300 years.