丰台区手足口病重症病例流行特征分析

A study on epidemiological characteristic of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in Fengtai District,Beijing

目的了解北京市丰台区手足口病重症病例的流行病学特征、临床症状及病原分布。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2010—2015年丰台区手足口病重症病例进行流行病学分析。结果 2010—2015年丰台区共报告手足口病重症病例179例,占手足口病病例总数的0.62%,其中死亡1例,病死率为0.56%。6年间手足口病发病率、重症率2010年均最高,其他年份虽有波动,但总体呈下降趋势,发病率在丙类传染病排名中一直居于第2位。重症病例发病高峰集中在5—8月,以1-5岁散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,地区分布主要集中在外来人口和小商品市场聚集地。临床特征以发热、皮疹为主,71.50%的重症病例伴有2个及以上系统并发症,其中69.27%的病例出现神经系统症状。检出病原主要为肠道病毒71型（EV71）,占20.67%,其他肠道病毒阳性检出率呈逐年上升趋势（P〈0.01）。结论丰台区手足口病重症病例发病人数逐年下降,检出病原中其他肠道病毒所占比例呈上升趋势。

Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of severe hand,foot,mouth disease（ HFMD） in Fengtai District,and to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of severe hand,foot,mouth disease cases.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of severe cases of HFMD in Fengtai District,2010-2015. Results The reported number of severe cases of HFMD was highest in 2010. The cases decreased year by year,and the annual incidence peak was present during June-August. The most cases were young children aged 1-5 years.EV71 was the major pathogen,but other intestinal virus presented a rising trend. Cases were mainly floating population and presented regional distribution of small commodity wholesale market. Clinical features were mainly fever,rash,accompanied by more nervous system symptoms. The clinical symptoms include fever and rash usually accompanied by symptoms of the nervous system. Conclusion Severe cases presented a decline trend,and the proportion of other intestinal virus pathogen was increasing. More attention should be paid to other enterovirus infection of hand,foot and mouth disease among children.