热电式车载冷暖箱降温特性影响因素研究与方案优化

Research on Influencing Factors of Cooling Characteristics and Scheme Optimization for Vehicle's Thermoelectric Cooling/Heating Box

根据某车载冷暖箱的结构,建立了计算流体力学(CFD)模型,通过自定义函数,实现了箱体内外温度场分析。首先研究了制冷片电流规格、环境温度、热端风扇转速对降温过程中制冷片冷、热端温度、箱体中心点温度等特性的影响,结果表明,环境温度对冷暖箱性能影响显著。随后完成了车载冷暖箱样件设计并验证,试验结果与计算结果相符,验证了计算模型的可靠性。最后,结合实车使用工况,在热端风扇进风处增加导流板,提升了冷暖箱性能系数。研究结果对指导车载冷暖箱选型、减少试验次数、缩短开发周期、降低开发成本具有一定的指导意义。

A CFD model is develop based on the structure of a vehicle’s thermoelectric cooling/heating box, and the temperature distribution of the box is analyzed by user-defined function （UDF）. Firstly, the influences of the current specification of the thermoelectric cooler （TEC）, the environment temperature and the fan speed on the cold/hot side temperatures of TEC and the central point temperature of the box during the cooling process are studied. The results show that, the environment temperature has a significant effect on the performance of the box. Secondly, the experiment verification is completed with a prototype, and the results of experiment and simulation are consistent, which verified the reliability of the calculation model. Finally, combining with the real vehicle operating conditions, the coefficient of performance （COP） of the box is increased by adding a guide plate through the fan inlet. The research results are conducive to select the thermoelectric cooling/heating box for vehicle, to reduce the number of trials, and to shorten the development cycle and lower the development costs.