利用紧急避险侵害他人法益的刑法理论分析——以“类电车难题”展开

The Theory Analysis on the Use of Emergency Refuge Against the Interests of Others:Take the Sample of “Trolley Problem”

利用紧急避险侵害他人法益,是指存在紧急避险之客观情状,但行为人主观上却存有利用此情状以达犯罪目的之意思的情形。以"类电车难题"为例,根据行为无价值的立场得出无罪结论,根据结果无价值的立场导出有罪结论。违法性的判断,结果无价值更具优势。据此,紧急避险阻却犯罪或者是因为行为的违法性阻却或者是行为人的责任阻却,而偶然避险阻却犯罪只能是行为的违法性阻却;在符合紧急避险客观条件的情况下,如果行为造成了生命法益侵犯的后果,并不阻却违法,而且行为人有犯罪故意,则成立故意犯罪;如果行为本身没有造成生命法益侵犯的后果,只是造成财产法益或身体法益的侵害,在仍然满足优势利益的条件下,则阻却违法性。行为人故意引起危险,以紧急避险为借口侵犯他人法益的事例,其违法性的认定在于法益侵犯事实可以归属于前行为,此认定思路与利用紧急避险侵害他人法益的情形又略有不同。

Using emergency Refuge Against legal interests refers to the necessity existence of objective circumstances, but the offender has the intention to achieve the criminal purpose. Taking the “ class car problem” as an example,accord to the handlungsunwert it＇s guilty, but accord to the erfolgsunwert, it;s not guilty . so,the reason of emergency negating the crime is the illegality of resistance. In line with the necessity of objective conditions, first of all,if the behavior caused by the consequences of violations of legal interests of life, it means illegal; if the behavior has no threat to the life, it means legal. In the case of the perpetrator intentionally causing danger, but take it as an excuse to infringe the interests of others interests, the identification of the illegal nature of the infringement can be attributed to the former act.