营养健康教育对老年人营养状态和生活质量的影响

Effect of health education on the nutritional status and life quality of the elderly

目的评价营养健康教育对老年人营养状态和生活质量的影响。方法应用微型营养评价(MNA)对120例老年人进行营养评估,MNA结果为存在营养不良风险的老年人随机分为干预组和对照组,干预组接受营养健康教育和营养状态、生活质量评估,对照组只接受营养状态、生活质量评估,随访12月后比较两组MNA、传统营养指标、健康调查简表(SF-36)生活质量评估。结果 120例老年人中,营养状态良好25例(20.8%),营养不良17例(14.2%),存在发生营养不良危险78例(65%)。营养健康教育12个月后,干预组营养状态良好的比率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预组MNA、体质量指数(BMI)、上臂围(MAC)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血红蛋白(HB)结果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组SF-36的生理功能、生理职能、总体健康、活力、社会功能和精神健康6个方面的评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年人发生营养不良的风险较高,营养健康教育能够明显改善老年人的营养状态,提高老年人的生活质量。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on the nutritional status and life quality of the elderly. Methods One hundred and twenty elderly patients were assessed by Mini nutritional assessment （MNA） . Elderly patients with risk of malnutrition were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group received health education,nutritional status assessment and life quality assessment,while the control group only received nutritional status assessment and life quality assessment. The MNA, classical nutritional markers,and SF-36 were compared between the two groups after 12 months. Results Among the 120 elderly patients,25 cases （20.8%） were at good nutritional status, 17 cases had malnutrition （14. 2% ） ,78 case had risk of malnutrition. After 12 months,the good nutritional status ratio of intervention group was higher than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The MNA, BMI, MAC, ALB, PAB and HB of intervention group were higher than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The physiological function,physiological role, general health, vitality, social function and mental health scores of intervention group were higher than those of control group,the differences were statistically significant （P 〈0. 05） . Conclusion The elderly have a high risk of malnutrition. Health education can significantly improve the nutritional status and life quality of elderly patients.