陶瓷部件3D打印技术的研究进展

Research Development of 3D Printing Ceramic Parts

近年来,三维连续网络结构的陶瓷/金属复合材料由于兼具陶瓷材料的耐磨、高强、高硬、抗氧化、耐蚀及钢铁材料的导热性及良好的韧性受到人们的广泛关注。三维连续网络结构的陶瓷/金属复合材料的陶瓷结构的构建是制备复合材料的难题。3D打印技术突破了传统的加工模式,不依赖复杂模具和机械加工,并可根据材料不同的性能要求,开发出不同结构的陶瓷骨架,这将使陶瓷/金属复合材料领域发生巨大变化。本文介绍了陶瓷3D打印技术的原理、分类、工艺特点及研究进展,并对3D打印技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Three-dimensional network ceramic/metal composites combine wear,high strength and hardness and oxidation resistance of ceramics as well as thermal conductivity and ductility of metal have attracted much attention in recent years. Nowadays,the biggest difficulty to fabricate the co-continuous composites is preparing high-performance ceramic parts with complicated shape. 3D printing technology is tool-less manufacturing methods in which functional components are produced directly from a computer model.They can rapidly fabricate components with geometries that cannot be manufactured by other conventional methods,which will bring about enormous change in the ceramic/metal fields. In this paper,the technical principle,features, development and research status of 3D printing techniques are summarized. The future development of 3D printing technology is also prospected.