分级提取螺旋藻中营养物质新工艺

A Novel Process of Fractional Extraction of the Nutrients from Spirulina

以钝顶螺旋藻新鲜藻泥为原料,通过单因素试验优化乙醇提取醇溶物(叶绿素与类胡萝卜素)的工艺条件。藻渣用磷酸盐缓冲液提取水溶性组分(藻胆蛋白和水溶性多糖),通过正交试验优化得到藻胆蛋白最佳提取工艺。结果表明:在料液比(藻泥:无水乙醇,g/g)1∶6、提取温度30℃、提取时间30 min条件下,藻泥中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的一次性提取率分别高达91.24%和85.74%。藻胆蛋白最佳提取工艺参数:料液比(藻渣∶磷酸盐缓冲液,g/m L)1∶16、提取温度45℃、提取时间3 h,此时藻胆蛋白得率为5.53%,水溶性多糖得率为1.13%。3个因素对藻胆蛋白得率的影响顺序为提取温度>料液比>提取时间。建立的以新鲜藻泥为原料的分级提取新方法,既可极大地降低干燥工艺带来的高能耗、高成本,又能确保营养物质被高效提取出来,为螺旋藻深加工提供实用技术。

In the present work, the extraction of alcohol-soluble substances（chlorophyll and carotenoids） used by ethanol was optimized by single-factor experiment when the fresh algae mud（Spirulina platensis） was used as the raw material. The phosphate buffer was used to extract the water-soluble components（phycobiliprotein and water-soluble polysaccharides） of the algae residue extracted by ethanol, in which the optimal conditions of extracting phycobiliprotein were obtained by orthogonal experiments. Results showed that the optimum solid-liquid ratio（algae mud ∶ ethanol, g/g）,temperature and time of extraction were 1 ∶ 6, 30 ℃, 30 min, in which the extraction rate of chlorophyll and carotenoids were 91.24% and 85.74% respectively. The highest yield of phycobiliprotein was 5.53% when the solid-liquid ratio（algae residue ∶ phosphate buffer, g/m L）, temperature and time of extraction were 1 ∶ 16, 45 ℃, 3 h. Meanwhile, the yield of water-soluble polysaccharides was 1.13%. The temperature played the significant role in the extraction, followed by material ratio and extraction of time. The novel method of fractional extraction from fresh algae mud could not only greatly reduce the high energy consumption and high cost that drying process brings, but also ensure the nutrients were extracted effectively and provide practical technical support to the deep processing of the Spirulina products as well.