覆膜直播与常规手栽种植方式对水稻光合物质生产特征的影响

Effect of Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Matter Production of Rice under Two Different Planting Methods with Film Mulching Way of Direct Seeding and Traditional Manual Transplanting

为了探讨水稻在覆膜直播和常规手栽2种不同种植方式下干物质以及光合生产特征,以早熟型杂交籼稻安优136、香早优2017,迟熟型杂交籼稻金优785、Ⅱ优838这2种类型4个水稻品种为试验材料,对覆膜直播湿润栽培和常规手栽水作栽培2种种植模式下水稻的干物质积累、转运、分配及叶面积、群体生长率、光合势、净同化率等方面进行了比较试验。结果显示:在2种不同种植方式下主要生育期(孕穗期、抽穗期、蜡熟期、成熟期)单株茎干物质量、群体干物质量,以及各主要生育阶段群体干物质积累量,单株叶、茎、鞘干物质的表观输出量、输出率、转化率均表现为覆膜直播高于常规手栽。迟熟型品种的干物质量和群体干物质积累量占成熟期总干物质积累量的比例都略高于早熟型品种。叶、鞘干物质比例在孕穗期达到最大值,成熟期降为最低;茎干物质比例在抽穗期达到最高,蜡熟期降为最低,之后又会出现一个短暂的回升,所以茎干物质表观输出量、输出率以及转化率都表现为负值。2种不同种植方式下,在光合生产上,叶面积指数、光合势、净同化率都表现为覆膜直播比常规手栽高,由于覆膜直播后期灌浆速度较快,造成衰减率也同样表现为覆膜直播略高于常规手栽。说明不同种植方式下水稻干物质和光合生产均有各自的特征。

In order to explore the characteristics of dry matter production and photosynthesis of rice under different planting methods in film mulching way of direct seeding and traditional manual transplanting. Four rice cultivars,two early maturing indica rices,Anyou 136 and Xiangzaoyou 2017,two late maturing indicarices,Jinyou 785 and Ⅱ you 838 were as materials. We compared the dry matter accumulation,distribution,translocation and leaf area,photosynthetic potenti,crop growth rate and net assimilation rate of rice under two different planting methods film mulching way of direct seeding and traditional manual transplanting,traditional manual transplanting were as CK.Results showed that： the main growth period（ booting stage,heading stage,waxy stage and maturity stage） under two different planting methods,the dry matter weight per plant,dry matter weight of population,the dry matter accumula-tion at different stages,dry matter export and transformation,the export rate and transformation rate of leaf,stem and sheath for film mulching way of direct seeding were higher than traditional manual transplanting. The late matuing indica rice of dry matter accumulation and the radio of dry matter accumulation of population were slightly higher than the early maturing varieties in main growth period of rice. The dry matter ratio of leaf and sheath reach its maximum at booting,reached its minimum level at maturity stage,the dry matter ratio of stem reach its maximum at heading,the same as reached its minimum level at waxy stage,but stem＇ s dry matter rised a little again. So those physical signs showed negative,dry matter export and transformation,the export rate and transformation rate of stem.Under two different planting patterns,in the production of photosynthesis,leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,net assimilation rate with film mulching way of direct seeding were higher than traditional manual transplanting. Due to the effect of grain filling rate,the decreasing rate of leaf area for film mulching way of direct seeding are higher than traditional manual transplanting. The results suggested that dry matter and photosynthetic production of rice with different planting methods had their own characteristics.