维生素D缺乏影响受孕及胚胎发育的小鼠动物模型研究

Effect of vitamin D deficiency on the pregnancy and embryonic development in mouse model

目的通过建立小鼠模型考察维生素D缺乏对受孕力水平及胚胎发育的影响。方法采用数字随机法则将雌鼠分为维生素D缺乏组(vitamin D deficiency,VDD组)与对照组(Control组),VDD组采用维生素D低含量饲料喂养,Control组采用标准饲料喂养,喂养2周后合笼。结果 GD13时,VDD组孕鼠的胚胎着床数(9.52±1.75)显著低于Control组的(13.34±2.16)(P<0.01);VDD组孕鼠的胎儿流产率明显上升;VDD组孕鼠的胎盘重量为(0.058 7±0.017 6)g,显著低于Control组的(0.078 6±0.014 3)g(P<0.01);VDD组孕鼠的胎盘海绵体滋养层细胞面积为(86.20±6.06)%,显著小于Control组的(100.00±4.51)%(P<0.01);GD21时,VDD组孕鼠的血清25(OH)D浓度为(6.32±0.51)nmol/m L,Control组孕鼠的血清25(OH)D浓度为(13.46±0.62)nmol/m L,组间比较Control组显著更高(P<0.01),与Control组比较,VDD组的活胎数、孕鼠孕期增重、胎鼠体重、胎盘重量及胎鼠身长显著降低(P<0.01),吸收胎数与死胎数显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论母体维生素D缺乏是导致小鼠受孕力水平降低及妊娠后胚胎发育迟缓的重要影响因素之一,在孕前及孕期科学补充维生素D对提高育龄期小鼠受孕力水平及保障妊娠后胚胎良性发育具有重要意义。

Objective To study the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the potential to conceive and embryonic development through establishing a mouse model.Methods Digital random method was used to divide the female mice into the vitamin D deficient（VDD） group and the control group.The individuals of the VDD group were fed with low levels of vitamin D diet,and the Control group received a standard diet.After2 weeks,the mice were mated.Results At GD13,embryo implantation number of pregnant mice of VDD group（9.52±1.75） were significantly lower than that of Control group（13.34±2.16）（P〈0.01）;abortion rate of pregnant mice of VDD group were significantly increased;placental weight of pregnant mice of VDD group（0.058 7±0.017 6）g were significantly lower than that of Control group（0.078 6±0.014 3）g（P〈0.01）;placental trophoblast cells of corpus cavernosum area in pregnant mice of VDD group were（86.20±6.06）%,significantly lower than that of Control group（100.00±4.51）%（P〈0.01）.At GD21,serum 25（OH）D concentration of pregnant mice of VDD group was（6.32 ± 0.51） nmol/mL.However,serum 25（OH）D concentration was significantly higher in Control group（13.46±0.62） nmol/mL（P〈0.01）.Compared with the Control group,the number of live fetuses,pregnant mouse weight,fetal weight,placental weight and fetal length in VDD group were significantly decreased（P〈0.01）,and the number of dead and absorbed fetus were significant increased（P〈0.05 and P〈0.01respectively）.Conclusion Maternal vitamin D deficiency is one of the important factors resulting in the reduced pregnancy force level and stunted embryonic development in post-pregnancy mouse.So the supply of vitamin D is essential for the mouse of childbearing age during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy period,which can significantly increase the potential to conceive and guarantee benign post-pregnancy embryonic development.