运动想象疗法联合平衡力锻炼对老年人跌倒效能的影响

Influence of combining motor imagery therapy with counterbalance exercise on fall efficacy of the elderly

目的：探讨运动想象疗法以及其联合平衡力锻炼对老年人害怕跌倒效能的影响。方法将符合纳入标准的156例害怕跌倒老年人作为研究对象随机分为3组,第1组为对照组,实施常规疗养护理,第2组在常规疗养护理的基础上采用运动想象疗法,第3组在常规疗养护理的基础上采用运动想象疗法联合平衡力锻炼,干预共实施2周。3组在干预前、干预完成后进行跌倒效能、抑郁量表的评估。结果对于跌倒效能,对照组[（3.79±1.46）分vs（4.01±1.35）分,t＝0.798,P〈0.05）]和运动想象疗法组[（3.88±1.86）分vs（4.38±1.14）分,t＝1.653,P〈0.05）]干预前后差异均无统计学意义,运动想象疗法联合平衡力锻炼组干预前后差异有统计学意义[（3.91±1.54）分vs（5.75±1.43）分,t＝6.314,P〈0.01）]。对于抑郁得分,对照组干预前后差异无统计学意义[（56.68±8.64）分vs（54.21±8.28）分,t＝1.489,P〈0.05）],运动想象疗法[（55.58±7.42）分vs（47.45±6.89）分,t＝5.790,P〈0.01）]和运动想象疗法联合平衡力锻炼组[（56.23±6.54）分 vs（46.23±7.21）分,t＝7.408,P〈0.01）]干预前后抑郁得分差异有统计学意义。结论只用运动想象疗法不能显著改善害怕跌倒老年人跌倒效能,但能显著降低他们抑郁情绪；运动想象疗法联合平衡力锻炼能显著增加害怕跌倒老年人跌倒效能,改善抑郁情绪。

Objective To explore the effect of motor imagery therapy and its combination with counterbalance exercise on the fall efficacy of elderly people.Methods Totals of 156 eligible elderly people with fear of falling （ FOF） were selected as objects and randomly divided into three groups. The first group was the control group, treated with routine rehabilitation nursing. People in the second group were treated with routine rehabilitation nursing plus motor imagery therapy. People in the third group were treated with routine nursing plus motor imagery therapy, combined with counterbalance exercise. The intervention lasted for 2 weeks. People in the three groups were assessed by fall efficacy and depression scales before and after the intervention. Results Regarding fall efficacy before and after the intervention, there were not significant differences in the control group [（3.79±1.46） points vs. （4.01±1.35）points, t=0.798, P〈0.05）], or in the second group [（3.88±1.86） vs. （4.38±1.14）, t=1.653, P〈0.05）], but there was significant difference in the third group [（3.91±1.54） vs. （5.75±1.43）, t=6.314, P〈0.01）]. As for depression scores before and after the intervention, there was not significant difference in the control group [（56.68±8.64） vs. （54.21±8.28）, t=1.489, P〈0.05）], but there were significant differences in the second group [（55.58±7.42） vs. （47.45± 6.89）, t=5.790, P〈0.01）], and in the third group [（56.23±6.54） vs. （46.23±7.21）, t=7.408, P〈0.01）].Conclusions The motor imagine therapy alone can not significantly improve fall efficacy of the elderly with FOF, but can significantly reduce their depression. Combined use of motor imagery therapy and counterbalance exercise can significantly increase their fall efficacy and reduce their depression.