3个时期大庆市区龙凤湿地土地利用变化图谱研究

Mapping Land Use Change of Longfeng Wetlands in Urban Area of Daqing City during Three Periods

以大庆龙凤湿地自然保护区为研究对象,在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,以1990-2011年多时相、长时间序列的Landsat TM遥感影像为主要数据源,研究1990-2011年间研究区土地利用的分布特征及其格局变化,采用地学信息图谱分析方法,定量获取、分析研究区土地利用变化模式,旨在为快速城市化区域的湿地保护提供基础数和决策依据。研究结果表明,研究区呈现出以沼泽、湖泊为主、居民工矿用地和耕地等镶嵌周围的土地利用格局;对比3个时期研究区的土地利用状况发现,沼泽、湖泊面积在不断减少,沙地和居民工矿用地面积持续增加,沼泽是耕地用地的主要来源;在图谱变化模式中,稳定型图谱单元面积最大,最大面积图谱模式为＂沼泽—沼泽—沼泽＂,其面积为35.6 km2;反复变化型图谱单元面积最小,最大面积图谱模式为＂耕地—盐碱地—耕地＂,其面积为2.35 km2;自然因素和人类活动的共同作用,导致城市沼泽退化,而人类活动是是研究区土地利用格局变化的主要驱动因素。

With the support of remote sensing and geographic information system technology, using the Landsat TM images as the main data, character and change of the land use of Longfeng Wetlands in Daqing city in1990, 2000 and 2011 were analyzed. Based on the method of Geo-Info-TUPU, the spatio-temporal change mode of land use cover was obtained and analyzed with the aim of providing basic data and decision basis for the protection of fast urbanization wetlands. The results showed that the land use pattern was mainly constituted of marsh, lake, resident and mining area, and the tillage. Compared with the land use history in 1990, 2000 and 2011, the area of marshes and lakes were decreasing, while the sand, resident and mining area appeared a continued increasing trend, and their land sources were marshes mainly. The stable model accounted for the largest area, with the largest area TUPU mode of marsh-marsh-marsh, its area was 35.60 km2, and the repetitive mode accounted for the least area of 2.35 km2 with the largest area TUPU mode of tillage-saline and alkaline land-tillage. The human activities were the main driving forces of land use cover change of the study area.