根据古生态记录制定湿地生态恢复目标的研究展望

The Prospects in Studying Reference Conditions Constructing of Ecological Restoration of Wetlands based on Paleoecological Records

介绍了湿地生态恢复中基准环境和弹性理论相关概念,对制定湿地生态恢复目标的主要方法进行了回顾,重点探讨了基于古生态记录制定湿地生态恢复目标的技术路线:根据湿地现代生态调查,建立生物指标与环境因子转换函数;通过对湿地沉积记录中生物指标的分析,重建湿地历史时期植物、水位、水环境要素等;结合历史资料和湿地沉积记录,确立未受人类活动扰动的湿地生态状况,以此作为湿地恢复的基准环境;参照弹性理论,制定湿地生态恢复目标。

The conservation and restoration of wetlands have great significance for building the ecological civilization in China and constructing reference conditions of ecological restoration of wetlands is a key to achieve this goal. However, the limitations of some main methods（e.g. history, refer-site） of constructing reference conditions have been existed during the past decades, and the applications of wetland conservation and restoration are not popular as other ecosystems. More researches need to be focused on both theory and application to construct the reference conditions for wetland restoration. In this paper, the concept of baselines and resilience theory were introduced, as well as the main methods of constructing reference conditions were reviewed. And then, we focus on how to construct reference conditions of wetland restoration by paleoecological methods. That is, the relationships between biological indicators and environmental factors were established by modern ecological surveys; and history conditions of wetland ecological characters（e.g. vegetation,hydrology and nutrient status） are reconstructed by using paleoecological indicators（e.g. plant macrofossils,pollen, testate amoebae and diatoms）, the evolutions of wetland ecosystems were explored through statistical analysis of long term paleoecological characteristic records in the wetland sedimentary cores. The degree of human activities in different historical periods of wetland ecosystem could be revealed by sedimentary records（e.g. heavy metal, black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons） and archaeological data, and severe impact period were identified through abnormal changes of paleoecological characteristic records. Combine with the above study results, the ecological characteristics of the wetlands before anthropogenic influence could be established, and could be regard as baselines for regional wetland ecosystem. Consider the ecosystem resilience theory（i.e. self-recovery capability of wetland ecosystem）; the reference conditions for wetland restoration were formulated by baselines conditions of the wetlands. This study provided a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of wetlands.