不同改造措施对柏木低效林中小型土壤动物群落结构的影响

Effects of Reforming Low-Efficient Cypress Forest on Meso-and Micro-Soil Faunal Community

中小型土壤动物可作为生境质量的重要指示生物。为研究柏木(Cupressus funebris)低效林林窗中种植核桃(Juglans regia)且核桃林下铺设不同覆盖物的生态效应,设置柏木林窗中种植核桃且核桃林下铺设覆盖物〔白膜(HB)、黑膜(HH)、遮阴网(HZ)、凋落物(HD)〕处理、柏木林窗中种植核桃且核桃林下无覆盖(HT)处理和柏木(BM)对照。2013年6月至2014年6月分5次对中小型土壤动物多样性进行调查和比较,中小型土壤动物的分离采用干、湿漏斗法,共获得土壤动物4 893头,隶属2门5纲13类。研究发现,不同改造措施处理中小型土壤动物群落优势、常见、稀有和极稀有类群的组成差异较大,相似性分析发现不同改造措施土壤动物群落结构异质性也较大;柏木林窗中种植核桃且核桃林下铺设覆盖物能显著改善中小型土壤动物群落类群数、个体密度、多样性、均匀度和优势度(P<0.05),其中,HD处理的改善效果最佳;同时,柏木林窗中种植核桃且核桃林下铺设覆盖物对柏木低效林中小型土壤动物的空间分布影响较大;柏木林窗中种植核桃且核桃林下铺设覆盖物可改善土壤理化属性,且土壤理化属性间相互作用共同影响土壤动物群落结构;HT处理对土壤全钾、速效钾、有机质含量以及中小型土壤动物空间分布的影响显著(P<0.05),但对中小型土壤动物群落类群数、个体密度、多样性、均匀度和优势度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。因此,柏木林窗中种植核桃且核桃林下铺设覆盖物可改善柏木低效林中小型土壤动物群落结构,且HD处理对柏木低效林的改善效果最佳。

Meso- and micro-soil fauna can be used as an important indicator of habitat quality. It' s not only sensitive to changing environment,but also plays an important role in soil ecosystem. So it is used to evaluate ecological effects of measures of reforming low-efficient cypress forests in this study. A field experiment,carried out in a cypress forest,was designed to have 6 treatments,that is,Treatment HT( interplanted with walnut trees free of mulch),Treatment HB( interplanted with walnut trees and mulched with white film),Treatment HH( interplanted with walnut trees and mulched with black film),Treatment HZ( interplanted with walnut trees and mulched with shade net),Treatment HD( interplanted with walnut trees and mulched with litter) and Treatment BM( no interplanting and no mulching). Investigations of meso- and micro-soil faunal diversity were performed during the period from June,2013 to June,2014 for comparison.Meso- and micro-soil animals were isolated from the soil,using the dry and wet funnel methods,and a total of 4 893 soil faunal individuals were gathered and sorted into 13 groups,5 classes and 2 phyla. Results show that composition of that soil fauna,in terms of dominant group,common group,and scarce / rare group,varied sharply with the treatment. Similarity analysis reveals that structure of the soil fauna community also differed greatly between treatments. In Treatments HT,HB,HH and HZ population,individual density,Shannon index,Pielou index and Simpson index of the meso and microsoil fauna increased significantly( P<0. 05),with Treatment HD in particular. Besides,the four treatments affected spatial distribution of the soil fauna remarkably,and improved soil physic-chemical properties. And the improved soil properties and their interactions jointly affected structure of the soil faunal community. Treatment HT did have some marked effects on soil total potassium,readily available potassium,organic matter and spatial distribution of the soil fauna( P < 0. 05),but not much on population,individual density,Shannon index,Pielou index and Simpson index of the soil fauna. In conclusion,the treatments of interplanting walnut trees and mulching is proven to be able to improve community structure of the meso and micro-soil fauna in the low-efficient cypress forest and the treatment of interplanting walnut trees and mulching with litter( HD) is the most outstanding in this effect.