轿车碰撞中新型前排安全座椅对后排乘员保护效果的研究

A Research on the Protection Effects of New Front Safety Seat for Rear-row Occupant in Car Collision

为实现对后排乘员的保护,提出了一种新型汽车前排安全座椅。建立了某型轿车后排乘员约束系统仿真模型,并进行仿真。结果表明:在正面碰撞中,新型前排安全座椅扭簧的最佳刚度为10N·m/(°),此时,后排女性乘员的头部伤害指标HIC15、胸部3ms合成加速度T3ms和组合伤害概率Pcip分别比原前排座椅下降了24.4%,6.80%和48.3%;男性乘员的头部伤害指标HIC36,髋部合成加速度a和Pcip分别下降了56.0%,10.4%和86.0%。此外在正面偏置碰撞中,新型前排座椅同样能为后排乘员提供较好的保护:当扭簧刚度为10N·m/(°)时,后排女性乘员的HIC15,T3ms和Pcip分别下降了23.7%,5.16%和29.3%;男性乘员的HIC36,T3ms和Pcip分别下降了43.0%,17.3%和79.2%。

For protecting rear-row occupant, a new type of front-row safety seat is proposed. A model forthe restraint system for rear-row occupant of a car is built and a simulation is conducted. The results show that infrontal collision, the optimum stiffness of torsion spring in new front safety seat is 10N · m /（0） , and with thatspring, the head injury criterion HIC15, the thorax 3ms resultant acceleration T3ms and the combined injuryprobability Pcip of rear-row female occupant are 24. 4 % ,6. 8 0 % and 48. 3 % lower than those in original front seatrespectively; while the head injury criterion HIC3 6, the pelvis resultant acceleration a and the combined injuryprobability Pcip of rear-row male occupant are 56. 0 % ,10. 4 % and 86. 0 % lower respectively. In addition, infrontal offset collision, the new front seat can also provide rear-row occupant with better protection when the torsionspring with a stiffness of 10N · m/ （°） is used, the HIC15,T3ms and Pcip of rear-row female occupant are23. 7 % ,5. 1 6 % and 29. 5 % lower respectively; while the HIC3 6,T3ms and Pcip of rear-row male occupant are43. 0 % ,17. 3 % and 79. 2 % lower respectively, compared with those in original front seat.