中国足球生态系统的构建

The Construction of China Football Ecosystem

时代发展推动人类思维观念的转变,在对事物研究过程中注意掌握对象的整体性、关联性、等级结构性、动态性、平衡性及时序性等基本特征,倾向于从整体出发逐各环节展开分析,这就是系统科学带来的观念性转变,它为人类认识事物的本质提供了方法论,也是我们认识足球运动的科学基础。回顾中国足球历史,辉煌与彷徨交错,倾心打造的职业化改革之路几多坎坷。痛定思过之后大量研究缔造出"体能论"下的足球长跑队、"技能论"下的亚洲头球队等等顾此失彼,有悖足球发展规律的以"当时"意识形态为背景、认知能力为基础的时代性论调。纵观提出的观点阐述,初衷并无二意,也能够发现中国足球这样或那样的问题所在,唯一不足便是脱离了系统论的思维模式,割裂地看待中国足球的问题。从系统科学出发,运用问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等方法对中国足球内、外部构成要素进行梳理后初步建立中国足球生态系统:物质资源(β=0.61)、人力资源(β=0.46)、环境资源(β=0.44)以及行政管理(β=0.13)4个一级指标、13个二级指标以及36个三级指标构成。生态系统的研制为制定以问题为导向的足球发展提供新思路,为构建与时俱进、动态平衡、生态和谐的中国足球提供理论参考。

Time development will promote transformation in human mind. Pay attention to the entirety,relevance,grade structure,dynamics,balance,and time sequence when we study a thing,and tend to set out analyzing each link from overall,are the mind change brought by system science. It provides a methodology for human to realize the essence of things,and a scientific foundation for us to know football sport. Review of China＇s football history,brilliant mix with hesitation,professionalism reform is bumpy. A large number of researches created＂physical fitness＂football athletic team and＂skills＂of Asian head team after some reflection. These researches deviated from football development law and just based on ＂that time＂ideology background and cognitive ability. These viewpoints reflected that China football has many problems and hasn＇t used system theory to think the problems which caused to think in slices. Started with system theory,this paper combed internal and external factors of China football,and constructed an ecosystem preliminary by the methods of questionnaire,expert interview,and mathematical statistics. The ecosystem included 4 first-level indicators which are material resource（ β = 0. 61）,human resource（ β = 0. 46）,environmental resource（ β = 0. 44）,and administrative management（ β = 0. 13）. There are 13 secondary indicators and 36 tertiary indicators in the system. The ecosystem can provide a new think way to develop China football,and provide theoretical reference for construct an advance with the times,dynamical balance,and ecological harmony China football.