汉语事件名词的界定与系统构建

The Definition and System Construction of Event Nouns in Mandarin Chinese

事件范畴是由事物与动作两个基本范畴融合而成的复合范畴。从跨语言角度看,事件范畴在语言层面编码为词而非句子,是一种有标记映射。可即使在形态语言里,仍然存在无标记事件名词,同时存在事件名词多义兼类这样一种普遍的语言共性。因此目前形态语言中事件名词的主要界定方法,仍然是利用分布这一功能标准。将汉语现有的框架与之比对后可发现,它们的核心分布都是名词事件结构的实现,因此汉语事件名词的界定方法总的来说是一种事件结构测试法。在具体操作时可根据各框架优先度的差异,赋予不同的权值,再以这些不同权值的框架为标准,按义项辨析事件名词备选成员,从而初步构建起现代汉语事件名词逐级分类系统。

The category of event is a complex category fused by two basic categories of thing and action. From the perspective of cross-language,the category of event is a marked map,and it is coded by a word rather than a sentence. However,lots of unmarked event nouns can be found even in morphological languages,and the ambiguity of event nouns is also a common linguistic phenomenon. So the function standard of distribution is still the vital method of defining event nouns in morphological languages.Comparing the existing frameworks of mandarin Chinese and the ones in morphological languages,we can find that their common core function is event structure realization of nouns. So the method defining Chinese event nouns can be named the Event Structure Diagnosis. Different weights can be added on these frameworks according to their priority differences. These differently weighted frameworks can serve as standards for defining the potential members of event nouns according to word senses. In this way,a mandarin Chinese event noun classification system can be roughly constructed.