世界语言文化中“词汇化的能产的超微型喜剧系统”——汉语歇后语价值的重新分析

“Lexicalized and Productive Super-mini Comedy”in Global Language and Culture: Reanalysis of the Value of Chinese Xiehouyu

一般认为,中国的喜剧创作落后于西方,中国人的文化性格并非长于幽默。其实不然,作为汉语中独特的语言形式——歇后语,可以说就是中国人喜剧精神的极好体现。歇后语不但是一种修辞格,也是汉语词汇体系的子集,还是一种喜剧样式。以往认为,歇后语是由"引语"和"说明语"两部分组成的,其实这并不准确。一个歇后语应该包含三个条件:"引语"、"说明语"、(引语和说明语之间的)"停顿"。正是由于"引语+停顿+说明语"这样一种特殊的结构方式,才典型地体现了"悬念+渲染+反转"的喜剧结构形态。而兼具"词汇集"和"修辞格"的特性,更使其呈现为世界语言文化体系中一种与众不同的"词汇化的能产性的超微型喜剧",成为中国人喜剧精神的独特体现方式。

It is generally agreed that China's comedy creation falls behind the West and Chinese people are not humorous in regard to their cultural character. Effectively this is not true. Xiehouyu,as a unique linguistic form in Chinese,can be considered as the best embodiment of Chinese comic spirit. It is not only a kind of rhetoric,but also a subset of Chinese vocabulary system and a comedy style as well. The dominant idea that xiehouyu is composed of'introduction'and'explanation'is not exactly right.In fact,it contains three elements,that is,'introduction','explanation',and the'pause'between them. Such a special structure of 'introduction + pause + explanation'is typically comedic. In addition,it also functions as'vocabulary'and'rhetoric'.Thus,as a 'lexicalized and productive super-mini comedy'in the global language and culture system,it uniquely demonstrates Chinese comic spirit.