交游、品鉴与重塑——试论清代中后期北京的梨园花谱热

Social Contact,Aesthetic Appreciation and Reconstruction: Rethinking of the Flower Registers Fever during the Middle and Latter Periods of Qing Dynasty

清代中后期,一类专门品评活跃在京城地区的男伶的文本大量涌现。这一现象的发生首先得益于男伶取代女妓成为社交圈中的要角。同时,戏曲演出商业化所导致的"重色轻艺"也为梨园花谱的撰写提供了可能。消遣娱乐之外,花谱作者更试图借品评伶人建立交游网络。作为传统的建立在士人文化基础上的品鉴文本,梨园花谱还具有标识身份的功能。商业化与消费伶人的社会群体范围的扩大,使得往昔风雅日趋俗化。撰写花谱,也是士人力图以其品位重建阶层差异,掌握士优交往话语权,扭转以金钱为取向的都市娱乐的一种尝试。

During the second half of the 18th century,texts that aimed to evaluate boy opera actors became popular,because they replaced prostitutes as an important role in literati circle.The principle of'putting prostitutes first'caused by commercialization of the opera performance also provided conditions for the creation of flower registers.Besides taking it as pastime,authors were trying more to make social contacts and make friends through writing flower registers.Moreover,as a traditional text of connoisseurship,flower registers also had the social status identifying function.