身体与政治:南昌海昏侯墓器物所见刘贺废立及命运问题蠡测

Corporeity and Politics:An Investigation about the Dethroning and Destiny of Liu He through the Haihun Marquis Mausoleum

在海昏侯墓葬器物的启示和互证下,结合史籍,本文认为,刘贺是一名政治制造出来的病夫。最终使得他走向死亡之路的疾病,很可能是因风湿、风寒而引起的肢体不遂及肺、肾等方面的病症。致病之因除了精神上的压迫,造成肝肾等的损害,从而引发痿疾外,长期被圈禁,湿毒的生存环境,是直接诱因,即所谓"湿邪"致疾。刘贺的由病而亡,封于海昏,皆发生在宣帝朝,他的命运走向,一方面反映了宣帝时代的政治变化;另一方面,刘贺在精神及身体上进行着顽强的抗争,并有着自己的寄托。在海昏侯墓葬中,可以见到他对自己被迫"清狂"的不甘,通过"琴棋书画"建构自己的精神家园,更可能以箕子、孔子等圣贤来自况和激励自己。在身体方面,则为对付"南方卑湿"而进行抗争,酒器及一些相关物品,很可能与抵御风寒及相关疾病的治疗有着密切联系。

Liu He(刘贺)was a political manufactures what made his illness and death.The cause of disease was damp evil in addition to the spirit of oppression from house arrest,which broughtliver and kidney damage and led to flaccid paralysis.Liu Hedied from disease and as the Haihun Marquisreflected not only the political changes of the times,but also his struggle in spirit and body.He constructed his own spiritual home by lyre-playing,chess,calligraphy and painting.In the body,wine and some related goods to withstand cold and treatdiseases.