“进城”与“还乡”:1955年农民“盲目”进津与政府应对

“Enter the City” and “Return to Village”: “Blind” Migration of Farmers to Tianjin and the Government's Response in 1955

近代以来,农村人口即有进津讨活的传统。新中国成立后,由于城乡差别以及城市单位私招等因素的作用,农民自发流入天津的现象不断增多。从政府角度视之,农民"盲目"进津既不利于城市,也不利于农村。为此,1955年天津市第一次以运动式治理的方式开展了"动员盲目流入津市人口回乡生产"的工作。在这次工作中,既使用了种种国家柔性动员方式,也有粮食、劳动力、户口、市场等"行政管理工作"的参与。最终,数万进津农民被成功动员还乡。此后近十年间,天津市政府又组织了多次动员农民回乡工作,但大体上都只是在1955年工作的方式方法上进一步改进与完善而已。

The rural population had the tradition of'making a living in Tianjin'.After the PRC was founded,there were an increasing number of farmers migrating to Tianjin.However,from the perspective of the government,this'blind'migration was neither good for the urban area nor the rural area.The city carried out a movement to mobilize the farmers to return to their hometowns for the first time in 1955.After the soft national mobilizations,it manifested administrative measures in the management of food,labor and household registration more effective.