《埃涅阿斯记》乐观与悲观之争

Optimistic or Pessimistic? Two Conflicting views in Aeneid

《埃涅阿斯记》乐观与悲观之争堪称20世纪"维吉尔学"两大阵营的世纪之争,即欧洲学派的传统乐观解读,遭到美国哈佛学派的悲观解构。学者们围绕维吉尔创作的目的乃颂奥古斯都震古铄今之举,或哀其功成骨枯之本进行讨论,进而引发对《埃涅阿斯记》史诗或悲剧属种,以及维吉尔是否奥古斯都政治上的拥趸等一系列问题的探讨。笔者意对此二学派论点和方法进行对比分析,以究二者聚讼之焦点,并表达对欧洲学派的支持。

The most controversial question of Vergil’s Aeneid in twentieth century could be said to be the question whether optimistic or pessimistic interpretation of it prevailed.The optimism of traditional European School was criticized by Harvard School which holds the pessimistic views.They had some arguments about whether Vergil in this poem was pro-imperial or anti-imperial,the poem should be viewed epic or tragic,and what Vergil’s own political thought was.Through analyzing both of the arguments and approaches,then probe the points they have made.