中国老年多维贫困的测度和致贫因素——基于社区和家庭的分层研究

Measurement and Factors of Multidimensional Poverty of Older People in China from Community Level and Family Level

在精准扶贫和老龄化背景下,老年人作为规模庞大的多维贫困脆弱性和特殊性群体,如何精准识别老年贫困人口具有重要意义。基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS),采用AF方法从健康、经济保障、生活水准和社会参与4个维度构建了老年多维贫困指数(MPI),并分城乡、省份进行了比较,进一步应用比例响应变量回归模型和二值响应变量回归模型分析了老年多维贫困在社区层面和家庭层面的致贫因素。研究发现:老年多维贫困在健康、生活水准和社会参与方面的城乡差异最大;整洁无污染的社区环境、健全的公共活动场所和设施有助于降低老年多维贫困发生率,而教育水平低、无子女或子女众多的老年群体更易陷入多维贫困。

How to identify poor and old people is of great significance.In this paper,using AF method from health,we explore the Multidimensional Poverty of older people from four dimensions：health,economic security,living standards and social participation and analysethe poverty factors from community level and family level.The study found thatthe there is a big difference of Multidimensional Poverty of Older People in health,living standards and social participation between urban and rural areas; clean and free of pollution community environment,sound public places and facilities can help reduce the incidence of elderly Multidimensional Poverty,and older age groups who have low levels of education,no or too many Children are more likely to fall into multidimensional poverty.