国外经验对我国农村垃圾处理的启示

Foreign Experience Revelation for the Rural Municipal Solid Waste Treatment in China

本文综述了国内农村垃圾管理现状和存在的问题,分析了国外垃圾处理过程中的经验和发展趋势,并联系我国农村特点探讨了中国农村垃圾处理的重点。文中指出,农村垃圾处理的根本是实现"3R",农村垃圾处理技术与城市垃圾处理技术相似,包括焚烧、卫生填埋、堆肥处理等主流技术,不同在于农村垃圾处理的成本更高,实现农村垃圾处理可持续发展的重点在于管理和顶层设计,通过合理的投融资机制和垃圾分类,按照"有限收集、有限处理"的原则最大限度的降低最终处置量。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年(2016—2020年)规划纲要》中提出实行最严格的环境保护制度,形成政府、企业、公众处理体系。到2020年,全国90%以上行政村的生活垃圾要得到有效处理。我国农村垃圾处理薄弱,需要发展无害化、低成本、便于操作的处理技术,发展高效、廉价、可复制的分类和收运技术。

This paper elaborates the current status and existing problems of rural municipal solid waste management in China, investigates the foreign treatment experience and development trend of municipal waste treatment, and discusses the focus point of municipal solid waste treatment in rural China. The objective of rural municipal solid waste treatment is to realize ＂3R＂.Rural municipal solid waste treatment technology differs from urban municipal solid waste treatment technology in cost, but same as it in technology, such as incineration, sanitary landfill, compost, etc.The ＂Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the People＇s Republic of China＂ proposed the most stringent environmental protection system as well as the formation of co-governance by government, enterprises and the public. By the year of 2020, more than 90% of the China＇s administrative villages shall treat their municipal solid waste effectively. Based on the relative weak foundation of rural municipal solid waste treatment, harmless, low-cost, easy-operating treatment technology, as well as the effective, low-cost, reproducible classification and collection technology shall be developed vigorously.