论方东树文学鉴赏观

On Fang Dongshu's Views of Literature Appreciation

方东树把文、理、义作为诗文鉴赏的审美对象,并构建三者审美标准,不仅有整体上的体悟之论,更有具体而微的审美范式阐释,突破传统诗歌鉴赏的模糊性;以"通其辞""通其意"为视角,构建"局部—整体—局部—整体"交互往复的鉴赏途径,深入到事理、文理、心理三者的赏析,此其对"通其辞,通其意"的创新;把"知人论世"作为诗文鉴赏的基本原则,不仅考量诗歌的社会功用,又考察诗人作品的时代色彩,扩大了"知人论世"的功用。这些鉴赏理论不仅有桐城派师承因素,更有汉宋兼容的学术文化背景;构筑了桐城诗学理论体系,具有重要的批评意义。

Fang Dongshu took wen （text）, li （truth） and yi （opinion） as aesthetic objects in poem appreciation, and set up aesthetic standards for the three aspects, which contain both his holistic understanding and subtle explanation of aesthetic paradigm, breaking throngh the ambiguity in traditional poem appreciation. He created ＂part-whole-part-whole＂ such an interweaved circulating appreciating method from the perspectives of ＂understanding the speech＂ and ＂understanding the meaning＂, and meanwhile he innovated the perspectives and went deep into truth, textual structure and human mind to appreciate poerms. He also took as basic principle of poem appreciation ＂to understand human beings and reflect on society＂, which not only gave consideration to social value of poems, but also took characteristics of times of poems into account, and expanded the function of the basic principle These views of literature appreciation were inherited from previous scholars of the Tongcheng School, and more influenced by the all-embracing environment of academia and cultural circle in the Han and Song Dynasties. Besides, he established a theoretical system of the Tongcheng poetics, which is of great significance in poetic criticism.