白音诺尔铅锌矿尾矿库扬尘风积物对植被生长的影响

EFFECTS OF TAILINGS POND ON VEGETATION IN BAIYINNUOER LEAD-ZINC MINE

为了解尾矿库对周边植被的影响情况,对白音诺尔铅锌矿前山尾矿库沿扬尘方向覆有扬尘风积物地区进行植被和扬尘风积物的距离抽样调查和结果分析,得出以下结果：1根据地面扬尘风积物厚度和植被生长状况将研究区域划分为以下3个区,距尾矿库450m以内为重度污染区,450-750m为中度污染区,750-1350m为轻度污染区;2地表覆盖的扬尘风积物越厚,植物吸收养分越困难,从而使植物存活率降低、长势差。3重度污染区比对照区自然植被减少4科9属17种,种数减少了77.3%,造成群落结构简单,许多植物种类丧失;中度污染区比对照区减少1科5属12种,种数减少了54.5%;轻度污染区比对照区减少1科4属9种,种数减少了36.4%。

Through the detailed vegetation investigation and Blown Dust Accumulation investigation of the direction of tailing dust area, and the analysis of the effects of Blown Dust Accumulation on the surrounding ecological environment, we get three main con- clusions as follows ：①According to the thickness of the Blown Dust Accumulation which covering the ground and the vegetation growth status, the tailing pond divided into three areas： from the Blown Dust Accumulation within 450m as severe pollution area; 450 - 750m as moderate pollution area and 750 - 1350m for light pollution area;②As the Blown Dust Accumulation get thicker, it got dif- ficult to absorb nutrients, so the plant survival rate reduced, and the growth vigor got poor. ③The natural vegetation, which in severe pollution area, decreased more 4 families, 9 genera and 17 species than which in the contrast area, and species reduced 77.3%, re- suiting in simple structure of community and many plant species loss ; The natural vegetation, which in moderate pollution area, de- creased more 1 families, 5 genera and 12 species than which in the contrast area, and species reduced 54.5% ; The natural vegeta- tion, which in light pollution area decreased more 1 families, 4 genera and 9 species than which in the contrast area, and species re-duced 36.4%.