聚众斗殴致人重伤、死亡的刑法适用——以立法推定为视角的分析

Application of Criminal Law on Affray Causing Serious Injury or Death

刑法第292条第2款关于聚众斗殴致人重伤、死亡按照故意伤害罪、故意杀人罪定罪处罚的规定,在司法适用上呈现出极为混乱的状态。究其原因,乃因为对立法精神的解读存在偏差。该规定既非法律拟制,也非注意规定,而是可反驳的立法推定。其意旨在于,在不违背刑法基本原理的前提下,减轻犯罪检控的证明负担,并实现严密刑事法网之效果。这一立法推定应全面适用于主观罪过、因果关系和共同犯罪人的认定。对此,应基于立法精神和刑法基本原理,有针对性地确立推定规则和反证标准。

Article second of the Criminal Law 292nd stipulates that the crime of affray causing serious injury or death should be in accordance with the conviction and punishment of the crime of intentional injury and intentional homicide. It leads to a state of extreme confusion in the judicial application. The reason is due to the existence of the interpretation deviation of the legislative spirit. This provision is neither the legal fiction, nor the note provisions, but the contradictable legislative presumption. The intention is to reduce the burden of proof of crime prosecution under the premise of not violating the basic principles of criminal law, and to achieve the effect of strict criminal law. This legislative presumption should be fully applicable to the identification of the subjective fault, cause and effect relationship and the joint offender. So we should be targeted to establish the presumption rules and disproof standards based on the spirit of legislation and the basic principles of criminal law.