2014—2015年泉州港鼠类及其体表寄生虫调查

Survey on rats and ectoparasites at Quanzhou port,2014—2015

目的掌握泉州港鼠类的种群构成、密度、季节消长规律、体表寄生虫和携带病原体情况,为制定有效的防治措施提供科学依据。方法 2014年5月-2015年4月,采用鼠笼法调查泉州港鼠类,并对捕获的鼠类及其体表寄生虫进行分类鉴定;检测汉坦病毒、鼠疫耶尔森菌和致病性钩端螺旋体。结果共捕获鼠类58只,年平均鼠密度为1.25%,褐家鼠为优势种,占60.35%。19只鼠类检出汉坦病毒核酸,阳性率为32.76%,均为汉城型;未检出鼠疫耶尔森菌和致病性钩端螺旋体。在黄胸鼠体表检出印鼠客蚤2只、毒厉螨2只。鼠类活动高峰期为5-6月,以5月份为最高,密度为3.3%。不同生境鼠密度不同,生活区最高,鼠密度达1.7%。结论泉州港鼠密度较高,部分鼠种携带寄生虫,鼠体检出汉坦病毒阳性率较高,应加强防控。

Objective To master the population composition,density,seasonal fluctuation,ectoparasites and the pathogen carried of rats at Quanzhou port,provide the scientific basis for introducing effective quarantine measures to control the medical vectors. Methods The rat-cage was used to collected rats at Quanzhou port from May 2014 to April 2015. The captured rats and ectoparasites were identified. Hantavirus,Yersinia pestis and pathogenic Leptospira were detected. Results A total of 58 rats were captured and the density was 1.25%,the dominant species was Rattus norvegicus which accounts for 60.35%. Hantavirus（HV） was detected positive in 19 rats,the positive rate was32.76%. Both of Yersinia pestis and pathogenic Leptospira had been detected negative. There were 2 Xenopsylla cheopis and 2 L.nuttqlli were found on Rattus flavipectus. The density was 3.30% on May,which was the highest in the year. The density was different in the survey areas,the highest density（1.70%） was in living area. Conclusion Because of the higher density and positive detection of Hantavirus,it should be strengthen the prevention and control of rats at Quanzhou port.